Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Iranian Cannabis Germplasm

Soorni, Aboozar; Fatahi, R.; Haak, David C.; Salami, Seyed Alireza; Bombarely, Aureliano

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15816-5

Cited by 59 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…This difference may be because all the progeny from our three crosses are half-siblings. Withinpopulation variation was greater than amongpopulation variation for C. sativa germplasm from Iran and Afghanistan (Soorni et al, 2017), and hemp accessions from Europe and Asia (Sawler et al, 2015). Small (2015) reported that selfing in cannabis induces inbreeding depression.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Genotypic and Phenotypic Variation of Selfed and Outcrossed Progeny of Hemp

Kurtz¹,

Mahoney²,

Brand³

et al. 2020

horts

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Feminized hemp seed producers often use selfing to maintain a strain name; however, selfing may lead to inferior plants for cannabidiol (CBD) production. Using three different hemp strains as parents [Candida (CD-1), Dinamed CBD, and Abacus], two outcrosses [Candida (CD-1) × Abacus and Dinamed CBD × Candida (CD-1)] and one self-cross [Candida (CD-1) × Candida (CD-1)] were conducted to produce feminized seed. Progeny from the self-cross were significantly smaller and had less yield than outcrossed progeny. Selfed progeny were variegated and highly variable for total dry weight and floral dry weight. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) separated the three progeny populations and showed that outcrossed populations clustered closer to the maternal parent, possibly the result of a maternal effect. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that most variation (74.5%) was within populations, because the progeny from all three populations are half-siblings of each other. The selfed progeny population had lower expected heterozygosity (He = 0.085) than each of the outcrossed progeny populations (He ≈ 0.10). These results suggest that selfed progeny may demonstrate inbreeding depression resulting from enhanced expression of homozygous recessive traits. It may be beneficial for feminized seed producers to use outcrossing instead of selfing to generate feminized seed for CBD production.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Genotypic and Phenotypic Variation of Selfed and Outcrossed Progeny of Hemp

Kurtz¹,

Mahoney²,

Brand³

et al. 2020

horts

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“…sativa indica , and ruderalis has been hotly debated but infrequently verified with genomic surveys. Segregation of fiber-based cannabis (hemp) and drug type cannabis (sometimes referred to as marijuana) has been genetically resolved (Small; Hillig and Mahlberg 2004; Fischedick et al 2010; van Bakel et al 2011; Hazekamp and Fischedick 2012; Sawler et al 2015; Ryan C. Lynch 2016; Soorni et al 2017). Hemp genetics are ancestral and often produce distinct male and female flowers on a single plant (monoecious).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence and annotation of 42 cannabis genomes reveals extensive copy number variation in cannabinoid synthesis and pathogen resistance genes

McKernan

Helbert

Kane

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Cannabis is a diverse and polymorphic species. To better understand cannabinoid synthesis inheritance and its impact on pathogen resistance, we shotgun sequenced and assembled a Cannabis trio (sibling pair and their offspring) utilizing long read single molecule sequencing. This resulted in the most contiguous Cannabis sativa assemblies to date. These reference assemblies were further annotated with full-length male and female mRNA sequencing (Iso-Seq) to help inform isoform complexity, gene model predictions and identification of the Y chromosome. To further annotate the genetic diversity in the species, 40 male, female, and monoecious cannabis and hemp varietals were evaluated for copy number variation (CNV) and RNA expression. This identified multiple CNVs governing cannabinoid expression and 82 genes associated with resistance to Golovinomyces chicoracearum, the causal agent of powdery mildew in cannabis. Results indicated that breeding for plants with low tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) concentrations may result in deletion of pathogen resistance genes. Low THCA cultivars also have a polymorphism every 51 bases while dispensary grade high THCA cannabis exhibited a variant every 73 bases. A refined genetic map of the variation in cannabis can guide more stable and directed breeding efforts for desired chemotypes and pathogen-resistant cultivars. Sequence and annotation of 42 cannabis genomes reveals extensive copy number variation in cannabinoid synthesis and pathogen resistance genes

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“…Despite this fact, there has been an increased interest in recent years of the potential use of cannabis derivatives in medical applications [ 65 ]. In this regard, reviewing and rewriting the regulations by governments, introducing novel gene pools of dwarf and low THC/high CBD accessions, and the development of techniques to accurately characterize the chemical phenotypes (drug and nondrug cannabis plants) have made a significant contribution to the acceptance of this issue and the control of legal and illegal cannabis cultivation [ 6 , 68 ].…”

Section: Phytocannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cannabis is both a medicinal and industrial plant native to Central Asia. It has been globally used for thousands of years as a source of food, feed, fuel, fiber, medicine, and narcotics [ 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

It Is Our Turn to Get Cannabis High: Put Cannabinoids in Food and Health Baskets

et al. 2020

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Cannabis is an annual plant with a long history of use as food, feed, fiber, oil, medicine, and narcotics. Despite realizing its true value, it has not yet found its true place. Cannabis has had a long history with many ups and downs, and now it is our turn to promote it. Cannabis contains approximately 600 identified and many yet unidentified potentially useful compounds. Cannabinoids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and alkaloids are some of the secondary metabolites present in cannabis. However, among a plethora of unique chemical compounds found in this plant, the most important ones are phytocannabinoids (PCs). Over hundreds of 21-22-carbon compounds exclusively produce in cannabis glandular hairs through either polyketide and or deoxyxylulose phosphate/methylerythritol phosphate (DOXP/MEP) pathways. Trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are those that first come to mind while talking about cannabis. Nevertheless, despite the low concentration, cannabinol (CBN), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabichromene (CBC), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabinodiol (CBND), and cannabinidiol (CBDL) may have potentially some medical effects. PCs and endocannabinoids (ECs) mediate their effects mainly through CB1 and CB2 receptors. Despite all concerns regarding cannabis, nobody can ignore the use of cannabinoids as promising tonic, analgesic, antipyretic, antiemetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-epileptic, anticancer agents, which are effective for pain relief, depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, nausea and vomiting, multiple sclerosis, cardiovascular disorders, and appetite stimulation. The scientific community and public society have now increasingly accepted cannabis specifically hemp as much more than a recreational drug. There are growing demands for cannabinoids, mainly CBD, with many diverse therapeutic and nutritional properties in veterinary or human medicine. The main objective of this review article is to historically summarize findings concerning cannabinoids, mainly THC and CBD, towards putting these valuable compounds into food, feed and health baskets and current and future trends in the consumption of products derived from cannabis.

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Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Iranian Cannabis Germplasm

Cited by 59 publications

References 64 publications

Comparing Genotypic and Phenotypic Variation of Selfed and Outcrossed Progeny of Hemp

Comparing Genotypic and Phenotypic Variation of Selfed and Outcrossed Progeny of Hemp

Sequence and annotation of 42 cannabis genomes reveals extensive copy number variation in cannabinoid synthesis and pathogen resistance genes

It Is Our Turn to Get Cannabis High: Put Cannabinoids in Food and Health Baskets

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