Assessment of groundwater quality in a Brazilian semiarid basin using an integration of GIS, water quality index and multivariate statistical techniques

Silva, M.I.; Gonçalves, A. Manuela; Lopes, Wilson Araújo; Lima, Mirelle Tainá Vieira; Costa, Celme Torres Ferreira da; Paris, Marta; Firmino, Paulo Renato Alves; Filho, Francisco José de Paula

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126346

Cited by 53 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…It has two aquifer systems: one formed by sedimentary rocks (porous, karst, and alluvial) and the other by crystalline rocks (fissures). The sedimentary rocks are more important as they have a primary porosity and the sandy areas have high permeability, translating into geological units with excellent water storage and supply conditions (Silva et al, 2021), while crystalline rocks have a low water retention capacity due to rapid infiltration, which intensifies the risk of pollution of water bodies by leaching.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water vulnerability to pesticide contamination in a Brazilian semiarid watershed

Francelino

Azevedo

Oliveira

et al. 2022

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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This study aimed to prepare an inventory of the main active ingredients of pesticides and estimate the risk of pollution of groundwater and surface water resources in a Brazilian semiarid basin. The inventory was prepared using data from government agency databases. The contamination risk estimate was obtained using the GOSS index, Groundwater Ubiquity Score (GUS), Groundwater Screening Index (GSI), Leachability Index (LIX), US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) criteria, Leaching Index (LEACH), and Relative Leaching Potential Index (RLPI). The inventory identified 57 active ingredients commercialized under a well‐defined chemical class. Most of these (51.5%) belong to the very dangerous class, while 43.6% belong to the moderately toxic class. The GOSS model showed that 23.7% of the active ingredients have a low potential, 50.85% have a moderate potential, and 13.56% have a high potential for surface water contamination, with its transport being associated with the sediment. The GUS index indicates a low potential for groundwater contamination. However, the GSI points to a high potential for water contamination, the USEPA criteria for a possible contamination of groundwater, and, according to the LIX, most of the pollutants do so by leaching. The information provided contributes to the management of xenobiotic compounds in arid and semiarid basins, adding to the water security effort by providing tools for the assessment of potential pesticide pollution. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:804–816. © 2022 SETAC

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water vulnerability to pesticide contamination in a Brazilian semiarid watershed

Francelino

Azevedo

Oliveira

et al. 2022

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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“…In Pakistan, Hyderabad is ranked 2nd among the largest cities in Sindh Province. The shift of people from rural-based to urban-based areas, lack of proper sewer systems, and effluents discharged from the industrial sector in the city have triggered groundwater contamination (Silva et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Groundwater Quality using Water Quality Index, and Geo-Spatial Tools

Ajmal

Babar²,

Gul³

2023

neutron

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Groundwater is considered a significant component of valuable freshwater resources for the living beings living in the arid and semi-arid regions of Pakistan, factors such as climate change, landfill deposits, application of fertilizers and pesticides on agricultural lands, leakages from septic tanks, industrial effluents, and urbanization jeopardizing the groundwater quality that makes its timely assessment necessary for human survival to protect people from water-borne diseases. This research study was carried out to analyze the 13 physicochemical parameters in the 38 groundwater samples that were taken from nearby different locations of Akram, Pinyari, and Phuleli canal within the jurisdiction of district Hyderabad. 26 samples were taken from hand pumps, electric motors and 12 samples were taken from tube wells to investigate the variability in groundwater quality. The water quality index and kelly’s ratio, magnesium hazard, residual sodium carbonate, sodium absorption ratio, soluble sodium percentage, and permeability index were used to assess the suitability of groundwater for drinking, and agricultural purposes. The result of the study revealed that alkalinity, bicarbonates, carbonates, magnesium, PH, potassium, and sodium were within the permissible limit of WHO Standards in all the samples, while the concentration of calcium was crossing the permissible limit only in one sample. Moreover, the availability of Chloride (Cl) was found in 16 samples that were above the limit ranges from 274.9 to 2549, High concentration of EC was found in 14 samples than the permissible limit having values from 2212 to 8360 (P26), and Total Hardness (TH) were found only in 6 samples slightly high from the permissible limit ranges from 509 to 651, and TDS were present in excessive amounts than the allowable limit from 1100 to 4180 mg/l (P26) in 10 samples. Considering the Water Quality Index (WQI) it was observed that 8 sample falls in the good category, 2 samples in the poor category, 11 samples in the very poor category, and 17 samples in the unsuitable category of water quality.

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“…Previous studies assessed water quality for irrigation and drinking purposes by considering major parameters such as electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), pH, SAR and major chemical elements, e.g., Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Cl − , HCO 3 − , Na + , K + and SO 4 2− (Jamshidzadeh and Mirbagheri 2011, Pour et al 2014, Alavi et al 2016, Piroozfar et al 2018, Abbasnia et al 2019, Palmajumder et al 2021, Rajmohan et al 2021, Arota et al 2022. Moreover, several studies applied GIS techniques, such as IDW and Kriging interpolation methods, in order to show the spatiotemporal variations of water quality that provide a better understanding of future water resources quality trends (Mosaferi et al 2014, Alavi et al 2016, Makki et al 2021, Silva et al 2021. Applying GIS in mapping of major parameters of groundwater quality has a significant impact on regional water management and future decisionmaking (Mohammadi et al 2017, Chidambaram et al 2022.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater quality assessment for domestic and agricultural purposes using GIS, hydrochemical facies and water quality indices: case study of Rafsanjan plain, Kerman province, Iran

Hosseininia

Hassanzadeh

2023

Appl Water Sci

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This paper investigates the suitability of groundwater for domestic and agricultural use in the Rafsanjan plain, southwest part of the Daranjir–Saghand basin, Iran. Fifty-five groundwater samples were collected and analyzed by six methods including the water quality index (WQI), Schoeller diagram, irrigation water quality (IWQ) parameters, Piper diagram, US salinity diagram and Wilcox diagram. The spatial distribution maps of chemical parameters and groundwater quality indices were plotted using the IDW method in GIS. The results showed a low concentration of major ions in the southeastern part and a high concentration from the central part towards northwestern part of the plain. The concentration of major ions in groundwater was strongly affected by groundwater flow, geological setting and the existence of the evaporative layers in the studied area. Moreover, results revealed that most of samples exceeded the acceptable limits recommended by the WHO and ISIRI1053 standards for domestic and agricultural purposes. In most of the wells, groundwater was classified into saline and very hard categories. The analyses based on WQI values indicated that above 87% of water samples were unsuitable for drinking purposes. IWQ parameters expressed that 85%, 67%, 32%, 51%, 43% and 50% of samples had EC > 3000, Na% > 60%, MAR > 50%, KR > 1, SAR > 9 and Cl− > 350, respectively, which were unsuitable for irrigation use. The dominant hydrochemical facies of water was Na–Cl–SO4 type, and 63% and 22.8% of samples were categorized as C4S4 and C4S3 class, with very high-salinity–high-sodium hazards and very high-salinity–high-sodium hazards, respectively. It indicated that most irrigated lands in this study area were affected by different levels of salinity and sodicity hazards that caused decreases in plant growth and crop productivity. The results can assist decision-makers and planners in prioritizing groundwater resources management in the region.

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Assessment of groundwater quality in a Brazilian semiarid basin using an integration of GIS, water quality index and multivariate statistical techniques

Cited by 53 publications

References 38 publications

Water vulnerability to pesticide contamination in a Brazilian semiarid watershed

Water vulnerability to pesticide contamination in a Brazilian semiarid watershed

Assessment of Groundwater Quality using Water Quality Index, and Geo-Spatial Tools

Groundwater quality assessment for domestic and agricultural purposes using GIS, hydrochemical facies and water quality indices: case study of Rafsanjan plain, Kerman province, Iran

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