Assessment of groundwater salinity and quality in Gaza coastal aquifer, Gaza Strip, Palestine: An integrated statistical, geostatistical and hydrogeochemical approaches study

Abu-alnaeem, Madhat Farouk; Yusoff, Ismail; Ng, Tham Fatt; Alias, Yatimah; May, Raksmey

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.320

Cited by 135 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…A widely applied approach to evaluate GW salinization, is surely the one that employed geostatistical methodologies such as multivariate statistical analysis [118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126]. In a recent study, Slama and Bouhlila have strengthened this approach by adding hydrogeochemical modelling to further constrain seawater-freshwater mixing [127].…”

Section: Data Handling Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Issue of Groundwater Salinization in Coastal Areas of the Mediterranean Region: A Review

Mastrocicco

Colombani

2021

Water

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The Mediterranean area is undergoing intensive demographic, social, cultural, economic, and environmental changes. This generates multiple environmental pressures such as increased demand for water resources, generation of pollution related to wastewater discharge, and land consumption. In the Mediterranean area, recent climate change studies forecast large impacts on the hydrologic cycle. Thus, in the next years, surface and ground-water resources will be gradually more stressed, especially in coastal areas. In this review paper, the historical and geographical distribution of peer-review studies and the main mechanisms that promote aquifer salinization in the Mediterranean area are critically discussed, providing the state of the art on topics such as actual saltwater wedge characterization, paleo-salinities in coastal areas, water-rock interactions, geophysical techniques aimed at delineating the areal and vertical extent of saltwater intrusion, management of groundwater overexploitation using numerical models and GIS mapping techniques for aquifer vulnerability to salinization. Each of the above-mentioned approaches has potential advantages and drawbacks; thus, the best tactic to tackle coastal aquifer management is to employ a combination of approaches. Finally, the number of studies focusing on predictions of climate change effects on coastal aquifers are growing but are still very limited and surely need further research.

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Section: Data Handling Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Issue of Groundwater Salinization in Coastal Areas of the Mediterranean Region: A Review

Mastrocicco

Colombani

2021

Water

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“…To determine an average value of L for the contribution area of each well, we extracted the water table grid from the simulation results of MODFLOW, converted this grid to a GIS shapefile, subtracted that from the corresponding ground surface elevation and computed a weighted average of this difference based on the feature areas. Equation (14) was used due to its simplicity. However, it must be kept in mind that this equation gives approximated values and it should be realized that only advection is considered herein without for instance the inclusion of the dispersive flow.…”

Section: Well Idmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This described situation entails a double drawback as in the one hand the competitive use caused a quantity problem while in the other hand the agricultural practices had led to quality deterioration [1,3,4]. Generally, the elevated nitrate concentrations in the groundwater of the West Bank and Gaza Strip are of increasing concern [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the Nitrogen Sources in the Eocene Aquifer Area (Palestine)

Almasri

Judeh

Shadeed

2020

Water

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Groundwater is the main source of water in many countries all over the world. Prevention of the pollution of this source is essential for a sustainable utilization. Nitrate pollution of groundwater is a common problem due to the association between intensive agriculture to achieve food security and fertilization. For an efficient management of groundwater pollution from nitrate, the first step would be to quantify the different sources of nitrogen in the aquifer of concern. This paper aims at demonstrating a general approach based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to characterize the spatial distribution of the nitrogen amounts in the area of the Eocene aquifer (Palestine). The aquifer is heavily utilized for agricultural and domestic water supply. Fertilization in the study area is a widespread practice. As a result, the aquifer is undergoing a nitrate pollution problem. The methodology relies mainly on specifying all the sources of nitrogen in the aquifer area using GIS to account for spatiality. Thereafter, GIS attribute tables and Excel spreadsheets were utilized to quantify the magnitudes of nitrogen from the different sources. Maps of the corresponding on-ground nitrate, ammonium, organic nitrogen and total nitrogen were developed for the study area. The results indicate that the total on-ground annual nitrogen loading in the study area is about 3260 tons of which 38% is attributed to fertilizers (chemical and manure) where the dominant form of nitrogen is NH4 (58.3%). The average total on-ground nitrogen loading is 7028 kg-N/km2·year. The estimated annual nitrate leaching to the aquifer is 1968 kg-N/km2. The areas of high sources of nitrogen have long-term impacts on the degradation of the water quality of the aquifer. It is therefore essential to build up on the outcomes of this work and to develop a nitrate fate and transport model for the Eocene aquifer. This model will enable the stakeholders to arrive at the efficient alternatives to manage the nitrate contamination of the aquifer.

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“…Meanwhile, the concentration of ammonia in the phreatic groundwater of the study area ranges from 0.01 mg/L (nine samples lower than the detection limit) to 14.20 mg/L; 10a), reflecting the influence of anthropogenic activities. Nitrate, a ubiquitous contaminant of natural water resources that is mainly caused by agricultural activities such as the application of fertilizer and manure [16,34,59], varies within a large range from 0.01 to 102.00 mg/L (nitrate-N) in the local phreatic groundwater; 23.7% (14 of 59) of the samples are attributed to the lowest level of the standard for groundwater quality of P. R. China [40] (Level-5), 10 of which were sampled from the farmland (Figure 10b). The test results of Pb, Hg, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Ni indicate that the local phreatic groundwater is slightly polluted by heavy metals; 8.5% Figure 10), suggesting a pointsource pollution trend.…”

Section: Anthropogenic Activities Affecting Groundwater Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural and human-induced factors controlling the phreatic groundwater geochemistry of the Longgang River basin, South China

Chen

Lin-shen³

et al. 2020

Open Geosciences

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AbstractGroundwater chemical evolution is the key to ensuring the sustainability of local society and economy development. In this study, four river sections and 59 groundwater wells are investigated in the Longgang River (L.R.) basin in South China. Comprehensive hydrochemical analysis methods are adopted to determine the dominant factors controlling the chemical evolution of the local phreatic groundwater and the potential impact of human activities on groundwater quality. The results indicate that the ionic composition of the local phreatic groundwater is dominated by Ca2+ (0.9–144.0 mg/L), HCO3− (4.4–280.0 mg/L), and SO42− (1.0–199.0 mg/L). Ca–Mg–HCO3, Ca–Na–HCO3, and Na–Ca–HCO3 are the major groundwater hydrochemical facies. Water–rock interactions, such as the dissolution of calcite and dolomite, are the primary source of the major ions in the local groundwater. Cation-exchange reaction has its effects on the contents of Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+. Ammonia concentration of the sampling sections in the L.R. increases from 0.03 to 2.01 mg/L along the flow direction. Groundwater nitrate in the regions of the farmland is attributed to the lowest level of the groundwater quality standards of China, while the same test results are obtained for heavy metals in the industrial park and landfill, suggesting a negative impact of the anthropogenic activities on the local phreatic groundwater quality.

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Assessment of groundwater salinity and quality in Gaza coastal aquifer, Gaza Strip, Palestine: An integrated statistical, geostatistical and hydrogeochemical approaches study

Cited by 135 publications

References 43 publications

The Issue of Groundwater Salinization in Coastal Areas of the Mediterranean Region: A Review

The Issue of Groundwater Salinization in Coastal Areas of the Mediterranean Region: A Review

Identification of the Nitrogen Sources in the Eocene Aquifer Area (Palestine)

Natural and human-induced factors controlling the phreatic groundwater geochemistry of the Longgang River basin, South China

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