Assessment of High Temperature Impacts on Early Growth of Garlic Plant (Allium sativum L.) through Monitoring of Photosystem II Activities

Abstract

Garlic (Allium sativum L.), one of the oldest cultivated crops, is the most widely used Allium species belonging to the family Lilliaceae. In this study, growth characteristics, photosystem II activity, and antioxidative enzyme activity were investigated in five temperatures (10-30°C) during early growth stage of garlic to determine the optimum temperature for cultivation and assess the effects of high temperature on early growth of garlic. Vegetative growth (e.g., shoot height, number of leaves) of garlic plants was greater in the temperature ranges of 15-25°C. However, dry weight (of shoot, bulb, and total plant) of garlic was significantly greater at 20°C, compared to either below or above 20°C. Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm values were highest at 15-20°C, and decreased above 25°C. The chlorophyll a fluorescence induction OKJIP transient was also considerably affected by high temperature; the fluorescence yields Fi and FP decreased considerably above 25°C, with the increase of Fk and Wk. Activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in leaves and peroxidase in roots were high in 20-25°C, and decreased significantly in 30°C. These results indicate that a growth temperature of 30°C inhibits early growth of garlic and that it is desirable to culture garlic plants near 20°C. Fluorescence parameters such a Fv/Fo, Fv/Fm, Fk, ETo/CSm, and PIabs were significantly correlated with dry weight of whole garlic plants (p < 0.01), indicating that these fluorescence parameters can be used for early assessment of high temperature effects even though the damage to the plant is not very severe.Additional key words: antioxidative enzyme, chlorophyll a fluorescence parameter, early growth, OKJIP transient

Effects of Different Day / Night Temperature Regimes on Growth and Clove Development in Cool-type Garlic (Allium sativum L.)

“…이상의 온도에서는 불활성상태의 반응중심이 증가하고 광계II의 반응중심이 손상되고 있음을 나타낸다 (Oh et al, 2014). 한지 형 잔디인 켄터키 블루그래스(Poa pratensis L.)에서도 생육적온(20/15°C, 주간/야간)과는 달리 고온(35/30°C, 주간/야간)에 노출되었을 때 Fv/Fm 값이 감소하고 품질이 저하되었으며 (Du et al, 2013), 마늘의 초기 생장에 있어서도 20°C 이상의 온도에 서 이들 형광변수들이 크게 감소할 뿐만 아니라 고온 스트레스의 영향을 받는 것으로 보고된 바 있다 (Oh et al, 2015). 그리고 초기형광수율(Fo)은 14/10°C에서 가장 낮고, 23/18°C 이상의 온도에서 크게 증가하였다 (Fig.…”

Growth and production of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in the lowland on various types of mulch

“…Meanwhile, planting in the lowlands is constrained by high temperatures. According to Oh et al [5], a growth temperature of 30C inhibits early growth of garlic, therefore efforts are needed to modify the microclimatic conditions in the lowlands to maintain soil temperature and moisture by using mulch, a material to cover the soil so that the humidity and temperature of the soil as a planting medium are maintained [2]. Mulch also functions to suppress weed growth so that plants will grow better.…”

Sunlit, controlled‐environment chambers are essential for comparing plant responses to various climates

“…These systems were adapted for crop research at USDA-ARS at Mississippi State University (McKinion & Baker, 1982); Clemson University (DeWitt, Wadron, & Lambert, 1983); University of Florida (Jones, Jones, Allen, & Mishoe, 1984b); USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD (K. Reddy et al, 2001); and USEPA, Corvallis, OR (Tingey et al, 1996). Recently a new SPAR system has been developed for crop model development and climate change research (Oh, Moon, & Koh, 2015). Control of SPARs was documented by Pickering et al (1994).…”