Assessment of human exposure to benzene through foods from the Belgian market

Occurrence of halogenated flame retardants in commercial seafood species available in European markets

“…For BDE-47, a probabilistic approach was possible for cod and herring. The mixed approach has been used before (Medeiros Vinci et al, 2012).…”

Current understandings and perspectives on non-cancer health effects of benzene: A global concern

“…Being extensively used chemical in petroleum industries, and subsequent presence in the environment from other sources, human exposure to benzene is unavoidable and the possible adverse health effects associated with benzene chronic or acute exposure remains a matter of great concern for public (Snyder, 2012). Humans are exposed to benzene most frequently through inhalation of vapors in the workplace, environment and by eating processed foods such as smoked and canned fish (Medeiros Vinci et al, 2012). Apart from above-mentioned sources, an additional quantity of approximately 10 kg/ton of benzene is released to our environment during manufacturing, transferring and storage (Etzel and Ashley, 1994).…”

Lifetime excess cancer risk due to carcinogens in food and beverages: Urban versus rural differences in Canada

“…This variation in intake values may be attributable to differing approaches or methodologies in estimating dietary intake and differences in food surveys or contaminant quantification. 29 The daily dietary intake of lead was estimated in the current study to range from a minimum value of 0.00 μg/day for both urban and rural populations to a maximum of 11.9 and 11.6 μg/day (99 th percentile), with mean values of 1.1 and 1.1 μg/day respectively, suggesting negligible differences. Findings for lead reported here are significantly lower than have been reported in other recent studies.…”

“…While we could not find recent Canadian or American studies addressing human dietary intake of benzene, 28 a study from Belgium notes average benzene intake for all foods averaged 1.4 μg/day (0.02 μg/kg bw/day). 29 This probabilistic study focussed on processed, canned and bottled foods known to contain some form of benzene (benzoic acid; added benzoate; etc. ), testing 455 food samples for specific benzene content.…”