Assessment of Human Gingival Fibroblast Proliferation after Laser Stimulation In Vitro Using Different Laser Types and Wavelengths (1064, 980, 635, 450, and 405 nm)—Preliminary Report

Abstract

Purpose: to assess the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) on human gingival fibroblast proliferation. Methods: The study was conducted using the primary cell cultures of human fibroblasts collected from systemically healthy donors. Three different laser types, Nd:YAG (1064 nm), infrared diode laser (980 nm), and prototype led laser emitting 405, 450, and 635 nm were used to irradiate the fibroblasts. Due to the patented structure of that laser, it was possible to irradiate fibroblasts with a beam combining two or three wavelengths. The energy density was 3 J/cm2, 25 J/cm2, 64 J/cm2. The viability and proliferation of cells were determined using the (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Blue) (MTT) test conducted 24, 48, and 72 h after laser irradiation. Results: The highest percentage of mitochondrial activity (MA = 122.1%) was observed in the group irradiated with the 635 nm laser, with an energy density of 64 J/cm2 after 48 h. The lowest percentage of MA (94.0%) was observed in the group simultaneously irradiated with three wavelengths (405 + 450 + 635 nm). The use of the 405 nm laser at 25 J/cm2 gave similar results to the 635 nm laser. Conclusions: The application of the 635 nm and 405 nm irradiation caused a statistically significant increase in the proliferation of gingival fibroblasts.

Fibroblasts Adhesion to Laser-Modified Titanium Surfaces—A Systematic Review

“…Surface modification of the implant stimulates the growth of the fibroblasts which improves the healing and implantation process [ 12 , 14 ]. Cell adhesion to the implant surface is determined by the immune system response which consists of creating a thin layer of cells such as thrombocyte [ 15 ].…”

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) in Prosthodontics: Disinfection of Human Teeth Exposed to Streptococcus mutans and the Effect on the Adhesion of Full Ceramic Veneers, Crowns, and Inlays: An In Vitro Study

“…Its applicability in tissue regeneration does not imply the use of a photosensitizer. The biomodulatory effect of diode lasers with different wavelengths was demonstrated [ 25 , 26 ]. A single laser-irradiation was performed, similarly to the process reported by another research [ 25 ].…”

Photobiomodulation with Red and Near-Infrared Light Improves Viability and Modulates Expression of Mesenchymal and Apoptotic-Related Markers in Human Gingival Fibroblasts

“…As the main cells forming the connective tissue, fibroblasts are responsible for the extracellular matrix formation and maintaining the normal gingival tissue homeostasis. In the case of chronic pathological stimuli leading to connective tissue damage or managing loss of the gingival tissue, supplementing periodontal fibroblasts by grafting or stimulating cell migration, proliferation and viability seem to be a reasonable approach [ 33 ].…”

“…Increased proliferation and improved viability in gingival fibroblasts were confirmed by deregulation of apoptosis-related gene expression [ 33 , 34 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. The assessment of cell viability is important in studies on PBM effects.…”