Assessment of Human Head Exposure to Wireless Communication Devices: Combined Electromagnetic and Thermal Studies for Diverse Frequency Bands

Zygiridis, Theodoros T.; Tsiboukis, T.D.

doi:10.2528/pierb08071106

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Furthermore, assuming local SARs to be proportional to whole-body SARs, the latter allows local SAR predictions based on simulations or on measurements in dead animals to be adjusted to the individual live experimental animal. In general, the correction made will be of about the same size as reported uncertainties in local SAR estimates obtained by measurement [4], simulation [1] or both [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

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An Experimental Set-Up for Measurement of the Power Absorbed From 900 MHZ GSM Standing Waves by Small Animals, Illustrated by Application to Picrotoxin-Treated Rats

López-Martín¹,

Bregáins²,

Jorge-Barreiro³

et al. 2008

PIER

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Abstract-We describe an experimental set-up for exposure of small animals to radiofrequency standing waves that allows direct measurement of the power absorbed by the animal. Essentially, the setup consists of a metallic box containing an antenna and experimental animal immobilized in a methacrylate holder; a signal generator feeding the antenna; and a power meter. In addition, the box can also contain a video camera to record the animal's behaviour, and a receiving antenna (connected externally to a power meter and a spectrum analyser) to detect undesired (external) radiation and possible harmonics of the radiating system. The absorbed power measurement trivially allows calculation of whole-body mean SAR from the animal's weight; and assuming local SARs to be proportional to whole-body mean SAR, the latter can be used to adjust organ-specific SAR predictions obtained by simulation using a commercial FDTD program with a numerical phantom. The use of the system is illustrated by application to rats given subconvulsive doses of picrotoxin to induce a seizure-prone state analogous to epilepsy: levels of the neuronal activity marker c-Fos in the frontal and piriform cortex of picrotoxin-treated rats exposed to 900 MHz GSM radiation were twice as high as those of unexposed animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Specific absorption rates (SARs) at given locations in the animal are calculated either from thermal [3][4][5] or electrical field [5,6] measurements, or by simulation using a numerical phantom [6,7]; and whole-body SARs can be calculated by integration of the local SARs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Set-Up for Measurement of the Power Absorbed From 900 MHZ GSM Standing Waves by Small Animals, Illustrated by Application to Picrotoxin-Treated Rats

López-Martín¹,

Bregáins²,

Jorge-Barreiro³

et al. 2008

PIER

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Many researches and studies [5][6][7][8][9] about the EM radiation effects of the devices operating especially in GSM bands indicates the importance of the topic. The distribution and levels of EM pollution in the crowded residential areas are very important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Effects of GSM Bands to the Electromagnetic Pollution in the Rf Spectrum

Genc¹,

Bayrak²,

Yaldiz³

2010

PIER

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Abstract-In this study, electromagnetic (EM) pollution measurements in crowded residential areas were performed, and statistical analysis of values recorded for the EM sources causing pollution was carried out. The actual measurement values and estimated values by the analysis model obtained through the statistical analysis were compared. Also, amplitude fluctuations of the electromagnetic radiations from EM pollution sources were detected for a long time, and statistical analyses were made. EM field levels were measured in the districts of Turkish capital, Ankara where cellular base stations and TV/Radio stations are densely populated. EM radiation levels were measured for the GSM900, GSM1800, FM, UHF4, VHF4 and VHF5 stations for certain spectrum ranges under far-field conditions by utilizing isotropic field probe and selective spectrum analyzer. The measurements were fulfilled by using NARDA SRM3000 radiation meter with isotropic antenna that can be utilized in 75 MHz-3 GHz frequency range. The obtained measurement levels were compared with the limit values given by International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). The measurement results for each pollution sources were compared, and their contributions to the combined radiation were analyzed. The values for the EM pollution in the measurement regions were embedded over the digital maps created for the related places. During this process, comparisons of the pollution maps were made by utilizing Natural Neighbour (NN) interpolation technique.

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“…The head models used in this study was obtained from MRI-based head model through the whole brain Atlas website. Six types of tissues, i.e., bone, brain, muscle, eye ball, fat, and skin were involved in this model [22][23][24][25][26]. Table 2 shows their dielectric properties [23,24].…”

Section: Lossy-drude Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A helix antenna was modeled for this paper by thin-wire approximation. Simulations of ferrite sheet are performed by FDTD method with Lossy-Drude Model [23][24][25][26]. The method is utilized to understand the wave propagation characteristics of ferrite sheet.…”

Section: Lossy-drude Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Analysis of Ferrite Sheet Attachment for Sar Reduction in Human Head

Islam¹,

Faruque²,

Misran³

2009

PIER

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Abstract-In this paper, reducing Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) with ferrite sheet attachment is investigated. The finite-difference time-domain method with Lossy-Drude model is adopted in this study. The methodology of SAR reduction is addressed and then the effects of attaching location, distance, size and material properties of ferrite sheet on the SAR reduction are investigated. Computational results show that the SAR averaging over 10 gm was better than that for 1 gm and SAR reduction of 57.75% is achieved for SAR 10 gm. These results show the way to choose a ferrite sheet with the maximum SAR reducing effect for phone model.

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Assessment of Human Head Exposure to Wireless Communication Devices: Combined Electromagnetic and Thermal Studies for Diverse Frequency Bands

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

An Experimental Set-Up for Measurement of the Power Absorbed From 900 MHZ GSM Standing Waves by Small Animals, Illustrated by Application to Picrotoxin-Treated Rats

An Experimental Set-Up for Measurement of the Power Absorbed From 900 MHZ GSM Standing Waves by Small Animals, Illustrated by Application to Picrotoxin-Treated Rats

Analysis of the Effects of GSM Bands to the Electromagnetic Pollution in the Rf Spectrum

Design Analysis of Ferrite Sheet Attachment for Sar Reduction in Human Head

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