Assessment of Hydrogeochemistry and Environmental Isotopes in Karst Springs of Makook Anticline, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Mustafa, Omed; Merkel, Broder J.; Weise, Stephan M.

doi:10.3390/hydrology2020048

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…3). A similar pattern of pH fluctuation reflects a similarity in groundwater origin and aquifer [MUSTAFA et al 2015]. Furthermore, the EC value of the four springs did not differ significantly.…”

Section: Variation Of the Physical And Chemical Spring Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 52%

Journal of Water and Land Development

Setiawan,

Syah Alam,

Haryono

2020

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There are several springs with the large discharge around the Watuputih Karst Hills area that playing a crucial role in supplying water for both domestic and irrigation needs. The springs are located in the fault and fold zones of the Rembang anticlinorium system. This study was designed to determine the characteristics of karst aquifers from one year of monthly spatio-temporal data on discharge parameters and physico-chemical properties (temperature, pH, EC, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , HCO 3 -) of the four major springs, namely Brubulan Tahunan, Sumbersemen, Brubulan Pesucen, and Sendang Sayuran. It used statistical calculations to characterize spring discharge and hydrochemical variations, as well as bivariate correlation analysis and flow-duration curve (FDC). The variability index (I v ), variability (V), and spring coefficient of variation parameters (SCVP) classified Brubulan Tahunan and Sumbersemen as springs producing stable, fairly constant discharge with low variations but characterized Brubulan Pesucen as having unstable, varying discharge with moderate variations. The results showed gently sloping hydrograph, low variations in discharge and hydrochemical properties, a relatively prolonged response of discharge and CO 2 -H 2 O-CaCO 3 interaction to rainfall, and slope changes in the FDC. In other terms, although the springs are controlled by faults and folds, they have diffuse groundwater storage system in the form of densely fractured and porous media. These findings also indicate a less developed interconnected conduit, although Brubulan Pesucen is relatively more developed than Sumbersemen and Brubulan Tahunan. The geological structure and hydraulic gradient formed between the groundwater recharge and discharge areas are proven to control the amount of spring discharge actively.

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Section: Variation Of the Physical And Chemical Spring Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 52%

Journal of Water and Land Development

Setiawan,

Syah Alam,

Haryono

2020

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“…Furthermore, predicting the next six months encompasses the summer high-temperature season, when rising temperatures can result in the evaporation of certain springs. Evaporative losses curtail the manuscript submitted to replace this text with name of AGU journal effective recharge of spring (Mustafa et al, 2015), consequently diminishing the accuracy of forecasting future spring discharge. In contrast to single-step prediction, multi-step prediction provides longer-term projections, aiding in exploring the evolving patterns of karst spring discharge.…”

Section: Model Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Spring Discharge Using Deep Learning, Considering the Spatiotemporal Variability of Precipitation

Ma,

Jiao,

Yeh

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Precipitation data collected from sparse monitoring stations in numerous karst basins pose a challenge for hydrologic models to accurately capture spatial and temporal correlation between precipitation and karst spring discharge, hindering the development of robust simulation models. To address this data scarcity issue, this study employes a coupled deep learning model that integrates a variation autoencoder (VAE) for augmenting precipitation data and a long short-term memory (LSTM) network for karst spring discharge prediction. The VAE contributes by generating synthetic precipitation data through an encoding-decoding process. This process generalizes the observed precipitation data by deriving joint latent distributions with improved preservation of temporal and spatial correlations in the data. The combined VAE-generated precipitation and observation data are used to train and test the LSTM for predicting the spring discharge. Applied to Niangziguan spring catchment in northern China, our coupled VAE/LSTM model demonstrated significantly higher predictive accuracy compared to a LSTM model using only field observations. We also explored temporal and spatial correlations in the observed data and the impact of different ratios of VAE-generated precipitation data to actual data on model performances. Additionally, our study evaluated the effectiveness of VAE-augmented data on various deep learning models and compared VAE with other data augmentation techniques. Our study demonstrates that the VAE offers a novel approach to address data scarcity and uncertainty, improving learning generalization and predictive capability of various hydrological models.

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“…Such information on splitting the sources of floods is also critical in the Himalayan region, especially in the Koshi River Basin where annual floods are common (Chinnasamy et al 2015). In another study in Iraq, Mustafa et al (2015) studied the δ 18 O and δ 2 H composition in eight springs to distinguish spring origins, and identified three aquifers in the region: Behkme aquifer, Kometan aquifer and Shiranish aquifer, contributing to spring flow. With such inferences, aquifer properties can be assessed, leading to the development of site-specific management plans.…”

Section: Isotopes As Tracersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods to investigate the hydrology of the Himalayan springs: a review

Chinnasamy¹,

Prathapar²

2016

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Springs are the major source of freshwater in many small mountainous watersheds within the Himalayan region. In recent years, their flow rates have diminished, but the reasons for this are not self-evident, and hence this paper reviews the methods to investigate Himalayan springs. The review reveals that chemical and isotope analyses – mostly water dating and stable isotope (e.g., d18O) analyses – could be an appropriate entry point to commence field investigations, because of their potential to map complex spring pathways, including linkages between aquifers. This should be combined with the building of hydrogeological maps with the available data. Output from desktop analyses, field investigations and hydrogeological maps could then contribute to the establishment of a conceptual model, which could form the basis for a numerical model

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Assessment of Hydrogeochemistry and Environmental Isotopes in Karst Springs of Makook Anticline, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Cited by 16 publications

References 40 publications

Journal of Water and Land Development

Journal of Water and Land Development

Simulation of Spring Discharge Using Deep Learning, Considering the Spatiotemporal Variability of Precipitation

Methods to investigate the hydrology of the Himalayan springs: a review

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