Assessment of intra-abdominal and subcutaneous abdominal fat: relation between anthropometry and computed tomography

Seidell, Jacob C.; Oosterlee, A.; Thijssen, M.A.O.; Burema, J.; Deurenberg, P.; Hautvast, J.G.A.J.; Ruijs, J. H. J.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/45.1.7

Cited by 290 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The preselected attenuation interval was À150 to À50 Houns®eld units. 23,24 A cursor was used to de®ne the total cross-sectional areas and the area of visceral fat (area inside the rectus abdominis muscle). Data were elaborated using a`histogram-based' statistical program.…”

Section: Computed Tomography Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body fat distribution predicts the degree of endothelial dysfunction in uncomplicated obesity

et al. 1999

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OBJECTIVE: To ascertain in obesity the role of body fat distribution (the strongest predictor of morbility and mortality in obese subjects) in determining the degree of endothelial dysfunction, an early marker of atherosclerotic disease. SUBJECTS: 18 premenopausal women with uncomplicated obesity excluding other cardiovascular risk factors and 12 age-matched slim healthy women. MEASUREMENTS: Endothelium-dependent vasodilation, studied as diameter variation in response to an increase in shear-stress, was evaluated in the right common femoral artery of obese and slim subjects by a non invasive approach and compared to glyceril-trinitrate vasodilation. To characterize better the vascular functional andaor structural properties, we studied the arterial wall distensibility by an echo-tracking system. Adipose tissue regional distribution was determined by computerised axial tomography. RESULTS: The endothelium-dependent vasodilation was signi®cantly impaired in obese subjects (P`0.005 versus non-obese subjects) while glyceril-trinitrate vasodilation and arterial distensibility were similar in the two groups. In our obese subjects endothelial-dependent vasodilation was inversely correlated to body fat distribution (visceralasubcutaneous adipose tissue ratio: r À0.624, P 0.0058). In contrast, metabolic parameters (except C-peptide response during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): r À0.587, P 0.01), blood pressure values and body weight did not correlate with the endothelial function. CONCLUSION: Uncomplicated obesity per se is characterised by an alteration of the endothelial function; the degree of this vascular damage is predicted by body fat distribution independently of body weight and metabolic and other haemodynamic parameters, and correlates with an index of insulin secretion.

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Section: Computed Tomography Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body fat distribution predicts the degree of endothelial dysfunction in uncomplicated obesity

et al. 1999

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“…A signi®cant correlation has also been documented between body-fat distribution indices like the waist-to-hip ratio and the weight¯uctuation index, pointing to the possibility of body-fat redistribution, with an increase in the amount of visceral fat, in subjects with higher degrees of weight cycling (Rodin et al, 1990;Hudgins & Hirsh, 1991). This possibility is extremely signi®cant, since it is a well-established fact that prevalent visceral adipose tissue deposition represents an important direct and indirect risk factor for hemodynamic, metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities in obesity cases (Larsson et al, 1984;Seidell et al, 1987;Sjostrom, 1990;Guagnano et al, 1994;Han et al, 1995;Lean et al, 1998). Hamm et al (1989) have suggested that the increased incidence of coronary heart disease in subjects with large weight¯uc-tuations could be explained by atherogenic alterations in lipid metabolism, which take place during body weight increases after a period of caloric restriction (Bouchard, 1991).…”

Section: Blood Pressure and Weight Cycling Mt Guagnano Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for hypertension in obese women. The role of weight cycling

et al. 2000

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Objective: To study signi®cant factors associated with the risk of hypertension among obese women, with and without a history of weight cycling (WC). Design: Case ± control study. Setting: Obesity Clinic of Chieti University, Italy. Subjects: A group of 258 obese women aged 25 ± 64 y (103 cases with hypertension and 155 controls) were recruited. All obese subjects had the same clinical characteristics, were without a family history for hypertension, were non-smokers, had normal lipidemic pro®les and normal glucose tolerance, were not taking any medication and were otherwise healthy. Intervention: In the weight cycling women, the history of WC was established on the basis of at least ®ve weight losses in the previous 5 y due to dieting, with a weight loss of at least 4.5 kg per cycle. A logistic regression model adjusted for confounding variables such as waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and weight cycling history parameters was used and the odds ratio (OR) with 95% con®dence intervals was calculated. Results: The risk of hypertension increases in subjects with larger WHR (OR 7.8; 95% CI 3.4 ± 17.9) and with a positive history for WC (OR 4.1; 95% CI 2.4 ± 6.9). Further, in obese patients with WC, the weight cycling index and the sum of the weight regained are also important risk factors for hypertension. Conclusions: These ®ndings could support the hypothesis that it is the combined exposure of central-type obesity and WC that strongly raises the risk of hypertension. Sponsorship: This work has been ®nancially supported by a grant

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“…Data from a previous study in The Netherlands of body composition using computerised tomography scans in 71 men and 34 women in whom structural abnormalities had been excluded, referred to the Radiodiagnostic Institute of the University hospital in Nijmegen, 13 were analysed.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fat volume was calculated using a truncated cone model 14 and then converted to fat mass assuming 80% of fat in adipose tissue, 15 with 0.9 kg/l density. 16 Intra-abdominal fat area using computerised tomography Methodology has been described in detail by Seidell et al 13 In brief, a single scan was made at the level of fourth-®fth lumbar vertebrae using a computerised tomography scanner (Siemens UB Med, Germany). Data from the scans were analysed using a histogrambased volumetric analysis technique to determine fat area set at the range of 7150 to 750 Houns®eld units.…”

Section: Intra-abdominal Fat Volume Using Magnetic Resonance Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting intra-abdominal fatness from anthropometric measures: the influence of stature

et al. 1997

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the in¯uence of height on the relationships between the intra-abdominal fat and anthropometric measures. SUBJECTS: Twenty healthy female volunteers aged 20±51 y from Aberdeen, and 71 men and 34 women aged 19±85 y from Nijmegen, The Netherlands. OUTCOME MEASURES: Intra-abdominal fat volumes by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in Aberdeen and crosssectional areas at L4-L5 level by computerised tomography (CT) in Nijmegen, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist sagittal and transverse diameters, waist to hip ratio, and skinfolds. RESULTS: In the MRI study the women with BMI 20±33 kg/m 2 , waist circumference 62±97 cm, height 148±172 cm, and intra-abdominal fat volume 0.07±2.66 kg, waist circumference gave the highest correlation of simple indices with intraabdominal fat volume, explaining 77.8% of variance. Single cross-sectional MRI cuts predicted volume with r 0.94± 0.99. Height in various levels of index power was not related to waist circumference, waist diameters, BMI, or skinfolds and did not improve prediction of intra-abdominal fat volume or of cross-sectional intra-abdominal fat area at any level. The CT study of men and women with BMI 18±32 kg/m 2 and 19±38 kg/m 2 , waist circumference 71±112 cm and 74±125 cm, height 158±197 cm and 151±182 cm, and intra-abdominal fat area 13±274 cm 2 and 19±221 cm 2 respectively, height also had little in¯uence on the relationships of intra-abdominal fat area with waist circumference or with any other indices of adiposity in linear or quadratic models. Compared to younger subjects, intra-abdominal fat area was higher in older subjects for a given waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS: Height does not importantly in¯uence the differences in measures of adiposity or intra-abdominal fat volume in women, or intra-abdominal fat area in both sexes. Age does in¯uence the prediction of intra-abdominal fat from waist circumference, but waist circumference alone has a predictable simple relationship with intra-abdominal fat volume or area, which is likely to relate to the prediction of health risk for health promotion.

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Assessment of intra-abdominal and subcutaneous abdominal fat: relation between anthropometry and computed tomography

Cited by 290 publications

References 5 publications

Body fat distribution predicts the degree of endothelial dysfunction in uncomplicated obesity

Body fat distribution predicts the degree of endothelial dysfunction in uncomplicated obesity

Risk factors for hypertension in obese women. The role of weight cycling

Predicting intra-abdominal fatness from anthropometric measures: the influence of stature

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