Assessment of intrinsic vulnerability to contamination for Gaza coastal aquifer, Palestine

Almasri, Mohammad N.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.01.022

Cited by 121 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…MCDM follows a collection of methods through which techniques and algorithms utilized to solve complex decision-making covering a wide range of choices and assessed by multiple, conflicting and incommensurable criteria as well as developing, assessing and prioritizing of decision-making alternatives can be used (Malczewski, 1999;Suárez-Vega et al, 2011). Since geographical information system (GIS) facilitates vulnerability studies and natural hazards analysis as a useful tool for managing, controlling, processing and analyzing the spatial data (Rashed and Weeks, 2003;Gamper et al, 2006;Almasri, 2008), utilizing GIS-based multi-criteria decisionmaking (GIS-MCDM) developed by Malczewski (2006) provides the possibility of prioritizing and combining the spatial criteria from different location and description viewpoints and eventually making comprehensive decisions. Different GIS-MCDM techniques are available depending on the required operations in order to acquire the final assessment from alternative solutions; analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is one of them.…”

Section: F Rezaie and M Panahi: Multi-criteria Decision-making Techmentioning

confidence: 99%

GIS modeling of seismic vulnerability of residential fabrics considering geotechnical, structural, social and physical distance indicators in Tehran using multi-criteria decision-making techniques

Rezaie

Panahi

2015

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The main issue in determining seismic vulnerability is having a comprehensive view of all probable damages related to earthquake occurrence. Therefore, taking into account factors such as peak ground acceleration at the time of earthquake occurrence, the type of structures, population distribution among different age groups, level of education and the physical distance to hospitals (or medical care centers) and categorizing them into four indicators of geotechnical, structural, social and physical distance to needed facilities and from dangerous ones will provide us with a better and more exact outcome. To this end, this paper uses the analytic hierarchy process to study the importance of criteria or alternatives and uses the geographical information system to study the vulnerability of Tehran to an earthquake. This study focuses on the fact that Tehran is surrounded by three active and major faults: Mosha, North Tehran and Rey. In order to comprehensively determine the vulnerability, three scenarios are developed. In each scenario, seismic vulnerability of different areas in Tehran is analyzed and classified into four levels: high, medium, low and safe. The results show that, regarding seismic vulnerability, the faults of Mosha, North Tehran and Rey make, respectively, 6, 16 and 10 % of Tehran highly vulnerable, while 34, 14 and 27 % is safe.

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Section: F Rezaie and M Panahi: Multi-criteria Decision-making Techmentioning

confidence: 99%

GIS modeling of seismic vulnerability of residential fabrics considering geotechnical, structural, social and physical distance indicators in Tehran using multi-criteria decision-making techniques

Rezaie

Panahi

2015

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Other tools, such as regression models based on conceptual models, link shallow groundwater NO 3 -N concentration with inventories such as landuse and cattle density (Boumans et al, 2008). Other techniques are employed when both spatial and temporal relationships are considered such as the vulnerability of an aquifer to nitrate pollution through the use of DRASTIC and GLEAMS models (Almasri, 2008;Leone et al, in press). Spatial and temporal correlations of surface and groundwater were described using t-test analysis to show that surface and groundwater management should be integrated (Kannel et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting nitrate distribution in shallow groundwater under a beef farm in South Eastern Ireland

Fenton

Richards

Kirwan

et al. 2009

Journal of Environmental Management

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a b s t r a c tGroundwater contamination was characterised using a methodology which combines shallow groundwater geochemistry data from 17 piezometers over a 2 yr period in a statistical framework and hydrogeological techniques. Nitrate-N (NO 3 -N) contaminant mass flux was calculated across three control planes (rows of piezometers) in six isolated plots. Results showed natural attenuation occurs on site although the method does not directly differentiate between dilution and denitrification. It was further investigated whether NO 3 -N concentration in shallow groundwater (<5 m below ground level) generated from an agricultural point source on a 4.2 ha site on a beef farm in SE Ireland could be predicted from saturated hydraulic conductivity (K sat ) measurements, ground elevation (m Above Ordnance Datum), elevation of groundwater sampling (screen opening interval) (m AOD) and distance from a dirty water point pollution source. Tobit regression, using a background concentration threshold of 2.6 mg NO 3 -N L À1 showed, when assessed individually in a step wise procedure, K sat was significantly related to groundwater NO 3 -N concentration. Distance of the point dirty water pollution source becomes significant when included with K sat in the model. The model relationships show areas with higher K sat values have less time for denitrification to occur, whereas lower K sat values allow denitrification to occur. Areas with higher permeability transport greater NO 3 -N fluxes to ground and surface waters. When the distribution of Cl À was examined by the model, K sat and ground elevation had the most explanatory power but K sat was not significant pointing to dilution having an effect. Areas with low NO 3 concentration and unaffected Cl À concentration points to denitrification, low NO 3 concentration and low Cl À chloride concentration points to dilution and combining these findings allows areas of denitrification and dilution to be inferred. The effect of denitrification is further supported as mean groundwater NO 3 -N was significantly (P < 0.05) related to groundwater N 2 /Ar ratio, redox potential (Eh), dissolved O 2 and N 2 and was close to being significant with N 2 O (P ¼ 0.08). Calculating contaminant mass flux across more than one control plane is a useful tool to monitor natural attenuation. This tool allows the identification of hot spot areas where intervention other than natural attenuation may be needed to protect receptors.

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“…31 Due primarily to its permeable and sandy cover, the transboundary coastal aquifer supplying groundwater to the Gaza Strip has a significant "intrinsic vulnerability" to pollution. 32 Projected climate change-induced reductions in precipitation would exacerbate groundwater salinity levels through reduced soil flushing and groundwater recharge, while reductions in air moisture increase the soil water requirement of crops. Additional saline contamination of groundwater is expected with projected sea-level rise, compounding "natural" sources of salinization.…”

Section: Vulnerability Pathways In the Gaza Stripmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compounding Vulnerability: Impacts of Climate Change on Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank

Mason¹,

Zeitoun²,

Mimi³

2012

Journal of Palestine Studies

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Coping with (and adapting to) climatological hazards is commonly understood in intergovernmental and aid agency fora as a purely technical matter. This article examines the UN Development Programme's stakeholder consultations in the West Bank and Gaza Strip in order to challenge the donor-driven technical-managerial framing of Palestinian climate vulnerability by showing how Israeli occupation practices exacerbate environmental stresses. While emphasizing the importance of social, economic, and political contexts in shaping populations' responses to climate change in general, the authors demonstrate the multiple ways in which the occupation specifically compounds hazards reveals it as constitutive of Palestinian climate vulnerability.

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Assessment of intrinsic vulnerability to contamination for Gaza coastal aquifer, Palestine

Cited by 121 publications

References 45 publications

GIS modeling of seismic vulnerability of residential fabrics considering geotechnical, structural, social and physical distance indicators in Tehran using multi-criteria decision-making techniques

GIS modeling of seismic vulnerability of residential fabrics considering geotechnical, structural, social and physical distance indicators in Tehran using multi-criteria decision-making techniques

Factors affecting nitrate distribution in shallow groundwater under a beef farm in South Eastern Ireland

Compounding Vulnerability: Impacts of Climate Change on Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank

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