Assessment of Left Ventricular Function by Echocardiography: A Technique in Evolution

Picard, Michael H.; Popp, Richard L.; Weyman, Arthur E.

doi:10.1016/j.echo.2007.11.007

Cited by 48 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Adding to that, the progressive enhancement in image acquisition using the merits of the newly developed linear transducers with high frequency and the digitalized software for image processing, dramatically increased the scope of echo assessment in murines. One of the earliest applications of clinical echocardiography was in the evaluation of left ventricular (LV) size and function (Picard, Popp, & Weyman, 2008). Moreover, the evolution of the left ventricular long-axis measurement and the area measurements of the ventricular contours incrementally increased echocardiographic accuracy (Picard et al, 2008).…”

Section: Echocardiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the earliest applications of clinical echocardiography was in the evaluation of left ventricular (LV) size and function (Picard, Popp, & Weyman, 2008). Moreover, the evolution of the left ventricular long-axis measurement and the area measurements of the ventricular contours incrementally increased echocardiographic accuracy (Picard et al, 2008). Echocardiography (echo) (sonogram of the heart) is a non-invasive, highly reliable, and accurate technique for assessment of cardiac structure and function in mice (Tanaka et al, 1996;Gao, Dart, Dewar, Jennings, & Du, 2000).…”

Section: Echocardiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac and Aortic Remodeling in ACE2 Knockout Mice

Alghamri

Weir

Anstadt

et al. 2012

J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther

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Mahmoud Alghamri. M.S., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, 2012. Enhanced Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac and Aortic Remodeling in ACE2 Knockout Mice.Activation of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) is a well-known driving force, governing the aggravation and progression of CVD and associated target organ damage.Angiotensin (Ang) converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a new member within the RAS family, was first cloned from the ventricle of patient with heart failure. ACE2 was shown to be upregulated under pathological conditions. We hypothesize that loss of ACE2 negatively affects cardiac function and exacerbates hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and aortic remodeling in response to Ang II. Eight weeks old ACE2 knock out (KO) and wild type (WT) mice were infused with Ang II s.c. (1000 ng/kg/min for 4 weeks) using osmotic pumps. Blood pressure (radiotelemetry), cardiac function (echocardiography) and cardiac/aortic structural damage (histology) were examined. At baseline before Ang II, ACE2 KO displayed a normal phenotype for cardiac function and blood pressure. After 4 weeks of Ang II infusion, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) was increased (~40% in WT and ~33% in ACE2 KO) with no differences between groups. However, ACE2 KO responded differently to the increased MAP. Cardiac function analysis revealed severe myocardial dysfunction shown by the lowered EF% (31% vs. 13%) as well as FS% (30% vs 6%) in ACE2 KO vs WT, respectively. In addition, the cardiac dysfunction was associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy shown by the increased left ventricular wall thickness as well as heart weight/ body weight ratio. Moreover, collagen staining in the myocardium and aorta revealed higher collagen percentage in ACE2 KO which indicates iv cardiovascular remodeling. Furthermore, results showed enhanced oxidative stress in the myocardium and aorta of Ang II infused ACE2 KO compared to Ang II WT. In conclusion, ACE2 attenuates myocardial maladaptive hypertrophy and cardiovascular remodeling in response to long term Ang II stimulation.v

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Section: Echocardiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Echocardiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac and Aortic Remodeling in ACE2 Knockout Mice

Alghamri

Weir

Anstadt

et al. 2012

J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther

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“…These measures provide relatively crude estimates of global LV size and function, especially in remodeled hearts (e.g., after MI) where the geometric assumptions of symmetry are likely to be inaccurate. In clinical practice, such measures have largely been superseded, and the last decade has seen the introduction of several advanced echocardiography techniques to improve quantification of LV structure and function (5,15,18,30).Myocardial deformation (strain) imaging is one of the more robust of such techniques, having been extensively investigated clinically (4, 5, 15). It offers enhanced quantification of global as well as regional function, both of which are important in assessment of the remodeling LV.…”

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confidence: 99%

High-frequency speckle tracking echocardiography in the assessment of left ventricular function and remodeling after murine myocardial infarction

Bhan

Sirker

Zhang

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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AM. High-frequency speckle tracking echocardiography in the assessment of left ventricular function and remodeling after murine myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 306: H1371-H1383, 2014. First published February 15, 2014 doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00553.2013.-The objectives of this study were to assess the feasibility and accuracy of high-frequency speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in a murine model of myocardial infarction (MI). STE is used clinically to quantify global and regional cardiac function, but its application in mice is challenging because of the small cardiac size and rapid heart rates. A high-frequency microultrasound system with STE (Visualsonics Vevo 2100) was compared against magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the assessment of global left ventricular (LV) size and function after murine MI. Animals subjected to coronary ligation (n ϭ 46) or sham ligation (n ϭ 27) were studied 4 wk postoperatively. Regional and global deformation were also assessed. STE-derived LV ejection fraction (EF) and mass correlated well with MRI indexes (r ϭ 0.93, 0.77, respectively; P Ͻ 0.001), as did STE-derived mass with postmortem values (r ϭ 0.80, P Ͻ 0.001). Higher STE-derived volumes correlated positively with MRI-derived infarct size (P Ͻ 0.01). Global strain parameters were significantly reduced after MI (all P Ͻ 0.001) and strongly correlated with LV mass and MRI-derived infarct size as promising surrogates for the extent of remodeling and infarction, respectively (both P Ͻ 0.05). Regional strain analyses showed that radial strain and strain rate were relatively preserved in anterior basal segments after MI compared with more apical segments (P Ͻ 0.001); however, longitudinal strain and strain rate were significantly impaired both basally and distally (P Ͻ 0.001). Strain-derived parameters of dyssynchrony were significantly increased in the MI group (P Ͻ 0.01). Analysis time for STE was 210 Ϯ 45 s with acceptable inter-and intraobserver variability. In conclusion, high-frequency STE enables quantitative assessment of regional and global function in the remodeling murine LV after MI. mouse; myocardial infarction; strain; echocardiography; left ventricular function COMPARED WITH CLINICAL IMAGING, echocardiography in mouse models remains relatively challenging, primarily because of the exceptional spatial and temporal resolution required to image such a small, rapidly beating heart. Research studies involving gene-modified mouse models commonly use clinical echocardiography systems (with transducer frequencies of up to 15 MHz) and tend to rely on rather simple measures of LV size and function, for example from M-mode tracings. These measures provide relatively crude estimates of global LV size and function, especially in remodeled hearts (e.g., after MI) where the geometric assumptions of symmetry are likely to be inaccurate. In clinical practice, such measures have largely been superseded, and the last decade has seen the introduction of several advanced echocardiography techniques to improve...

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“…In practice, it is assessed by means of echocardiography, however, in certain cases, inadequate acoustic window and an operator-dependent error, as well as not optimal reproducibility might limit its reliability [11][12][13]. On the other hand, the use of the so-called "gold" standard method, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional, forgotten and new left ventricular systolic function parameters on a 64-row multidetector cardiac computed tomography: A reproducibility study

Sosnowski

Młynarski²,

Tendera³

2013

Cardiol J

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s). The derived parameters were calculated as the PER normalized for LVEDV (PER-V, 1/s), the PER normalized for LVM (PER-M, mL/g × s) and the PER normalized for LVEDV times the PER normalized for LVM product (PER-VM, ml/g × s 2 ). Considering the errors percentages, the respective values for intra-and inter-observer errors were around 5% and 8% for standard LV systolic measures. The percentage intra-observer errors For the independent reader the corresponding values were -15.2% and +15.5%, -12.3% and +16.3%, and -26.6% and +30.9%. The intra--class coeffi cients for repeated measurements for both the same reader (intra-observer) MDCT examinations. (Cardiol J 2013; 20, 4: 385-393)

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Assessment of Left Ventricular Function by Echocardiography: A Technique in Evolution

Cited by 48 publications

References 49 publications

Enhanced Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac and Aortic Remodeling in ACE2 Knockout Mice

Enhanced Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac and Aortic Remodeling in ACE2 Knockout Mice

High-frequency speckle tracking echocardiography in the assessment of left ventricular function and remodeling after murine myocardial infarction

Traditional, forgotten and new left ventricular systolic function parameters on a 64-row multidetector cardiac computed tomography: A reproducibility study

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