Assessment of leukotriene B4 production in leukocytes from horses with recurrent airway obstruction

Lindberg, Annelie; Robinson, N. E.; Näsman-Glaser, Barbro; Jensen-Waern, Marianne; Lindgren, Jan

doi:10.2460/ajvr.2004.65.289

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…For BAL performed 24 h after nebulization, an adjacent airway was lavaged to that sampled 10 min after nebulization to minimize the effects of the previous BAL on BALF cytology. Sweeney et al (37) demonstrated that any effects of a BAL on BALF cytology from an adjacent airway were eliminated within 48 h. Repeating the BAL procedure after 6 and 24 h on different lung regions did not significantly alter BALF cytology in healthy horses (25). Similarly, in the present study, BALF neutrophil numbers were only significantly elevated in the RAO group and not in the control horses 24 h after nebulization and BAL of an adjacent airway.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 38%

Early onset airway obstruction in response to organic dust in the horse

Deaton

Deaton²,

Jose‐Cunilleras³

et al. 2007

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Deaton CM, Deaton L, Jose-Cunilleras E, Vincent TL, Baird AW, Dacre K, Marlin DJ. Early onset airway obstruction in response to organic dust in the horse. J Appl Physiol 102: [1071][1072][1073][1074][1075][1076][1077] 2007. First published December 7, 2006; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00264.2006.-Equine recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) has been used as a naturally occurring model of human asthma. However, it is unknown whether there is an early-phase response in RAO. The aim of this study was to determine whether exposure to organic dust induces immediate changes in lung function in RAO-affected horses, which could be mediated by airway mast cells. Six RAO-affected horses in remission and six control horses were challenged with hay-straw dust suspension by nebulization. Total respiratory resistance at 1 Hz, measured by forced oscillation, was increased from 0.62 Ϯ 0.09 cmH 2O ⅐ l Ϫ1 ⅐ s (mean Ϯ SE) to 1.23 Ϯ 0.20 cmH2O ⅐ l Ϫ1 ⅐ s 15 min after nebulization in control horses (P ϭ 0.023) but did not change significantly in the RAO group. Total respiratory reactance at 1 Hz (P ϭ 0.005) was significantly lower in the control horses (Ϫ0.77 Ϯ 0.07 cmH2O ⅐ l Ϫ1 ⅐ s) than in the RAO group (Ϫ0.49 Ϯ 0.04 cmH2O ⅐ l Ϫ1 ⅐ s) 15 min after nebulization. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) histamine concentration was significantly elevated 10 and 20 min postnebulization in control horses but not in RAO horses. Minimum reactance at 1 Hz in the early postnebulization period significantly correlated with both prechallenge BALF mast cell numbers (r ϭ Ϫ0.65, P ϭ 0.02) and peak BALF histamine concentration postnebulization (r ϭ Ϫ0.61, P ϭ 0.04). In conclusion, RAO horses, unlike human asthmatic patients, do not exhibit an early-phase response. However, healthy control horses do demonstrate a mild but significant early (Ͻ20 min) phase response to inhaled organic dust. This response may serve to decrease the subsequent dose of dust inhaled and as such provide a protective mechanism, which may be compromised in RAO horses. equine; lung function; allergen HUMAN ASTHMATIC PATIENTS develop an early-phase bronchoconstriction within minutes of exposure to inhaled allergens.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 38%

Early onset airway obstruction in response to organic dust in the horse

Deaton

Deaton²,

Jose‐Cunilleras³

et al. 2007

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…22 One study 12 reported that the percentages of neutrophils in BALF of RAO-affected horses when asymptomatic were 14.0 6 2.7% but increased to 41.7 6 9.5% when horses were exposed to hay dust for 2 weeks, during which time clinical signs of RAO developed. Another study 16 reported that the percentages of neutrophils in BALF of RAO-affected horses pre-and poststabling were 15.0 610.0% and .60%, respectively. In a third study, 1 when RAO-affected horses were housed in a natural challenge environment (stabled, fed dusty hay), the percentages of neutrophils in BALF were increased 4-to 6-fold (52 6 8%) compared with healthy horses (8 6 1%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 Authors of another study concluded that increased concentrations of LTB 4 in airways of RAO-affected horses contributes to neutrophil infiltration and the ongoing inflammation associated with RAO. 16 In humans, histamine stimulation of bronchial epithelial cells involves binding at H1 receptors, production of LTB 4 , activation of the transcription factor NF-kB, and increased expression of IL-8. 2 Activity of NF-kB is increased in bronchial cells of RAO-affected horses and is highly correlated to the percentage of neutrophils present in the bronchi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid, Multiwell Colorimetric Assay for Measuring Neutrophil Chemoattractant Activity in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Horses with Recurrent Airway Obstruction

et al. 2006

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Abstract. The criteria used to diagnose recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) in affected horses include demonstration of reversible lower airway obstruction and greater than 25% neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Additional objective laboratory tests are needed to improve diagnostic accuracy and to monitor response to treatment. The goal of this study was to determine if neutrophil chemoattractant activity of BALF could be measured by using a previously described, rapid, multiwell colorimetric assay for chemotaxis. In this assay, neutrophils that have migrated through a membrane filter are collected into the bottom well of a disposable chemotaxis-cell migration chamber. The number of viable cells collected in the bottom well is quantified by measurement of the reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenol tetrazolium bromide (MTT), which is reduced by dehydrogenase in mitochondria of live cells. The number of migrating cells corresponds to the amount of MTT reduced, which is measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay plate reader. Fourteen adult horses were enrolled in this study, 7 of which had owner histories consistent with RAO. Each horse was sedated, a bronchoalveolar lavage tube was passed, and saline was infused and immediately aspirated. An aliquot of BALF was used for differential cell count, and BALF supernatant was harvested to assess neutrophil chemoattractant activity. Normal control horses and RAOaffected horses were distinguished according to clinical signs and percent neutrophils in BALF. Neutrophil chemoattractant activity of BALF was significantly greater in RAO-affected horses (P 5 0.001) compared with control horses. This assay may be useful in future studies for monitoring response to therapy in RAOaffected horses.

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“…Other cells, such as BAL cells (3), airway smooth muscle cells (34), endothelial cells (20), and monocytes (10), also release IL-8 upon stimulation. Also, other neutrophil chemotactic agents such as leukotriene B 4 , TNF-␣, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), complement activation, and reduced apoptosis (16,25,44) may contribute to airway neutrophilia. A20, overexpressed in other animal models, inhibits NF-B activation, thereby decreasing LPS-induced IL-8 production (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated amount of Toll-like receptor 4 mRNA in bronchial epithelial cells is associated with airway inflammation in horses with recurrent airway obstruction

Berndt¹,

Derksen²,

Venta³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Phys

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Assessment of leukotriene B4 production in leukocytes from horses with recurrent airway obstruction

Abstract: Results suggested increased production of LTB4 in airways of RAO-affected horses, compared with control horses, that may contribute to the infiltration of neutrophils into the lungs and the sustained inflammation associated with RAO.

Cited by 18 publications

References 37 publications

Early onset airway obstruction in response to organic dust in the horse

Early onset airway obstruction in response to organic dust in the horse

Rapid, Multiwell Colorimetric Assay for Measuring Neutrophil Chemoattractant Activity in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Horses with Recurrent Airway Obstruction

Elevated amount of Toll-like receptor 4 mRNA in bronchial epithelial cells is associated with airway inflammation in horses with recurrent airway obstruction

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