Assessment of major carcinogens and alkaloids in the tobacco and mainstream smoke of ussr cigarettes

Abstract

Tobacco and mainstream smoke of USSR cigarettes were analyzed for carcinogens. The pH values of suspensions of the tobacco (5.4-5.6) and the nitrate content of the tobaccos (0.4-1.7%) were as expected for flue-cured and sun-cured tobaccos and mixtures thereof. The nicotine levels of the cigarette tobaccos (0.76-0.94%) and total alkaloid content (0.85-1.08%) were relatively low compared with tobaccos used in Western European and US cigarettes. The concentrations of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines in the cigarette tobaccos were also low (N'-nitrosonornicotine 0.36-0.85 microgram/g) compared with those in bright, oriental and blended cigarette tobaccos in Western countries (0.3-19 microgram/g). The 2 non-filter and 4 filter cigarettes from the USSR had slow burning rates and yielded 14.0-16.7 puffs/cigarette, while puff yields for commercial cigarettes in Western countries average less than or equal to 11 puffs/cigarette. Consequently, tar and benzo(a)pyrene yields in the smoke of all cigarettes as well as nitrosamine yields were high, especially in the smoke of the filter cigarettes. It appears that an increase in the burning rates of these cigarettes should lead to lower smoke yields.

Measuring Airborne Emissions from Cigarette Butts: Literature Review and Experimental Plan

“…Jenkins et al (1979aJenkins et al ( , 1979b showed that the tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide content of smoke varies between samples of a given brand of cigarettes, depending on the nation in which they are purchased. Djordjevic et al (1991) compared cigarettes from the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) with those from the United States and Western Europe, and found that the nicotine level and the total alkaloid content of the cigarettes from the western countries were slightly higher than in the cigarettes from the former USSR. They observed that non-filter and filter cigarettes from the former USSR had slower burning rates and yielded 14 to 16.7 puffs per cigarette, while cigarettes in the western countries yielded 11 puffs per cigarette.…”

Doses of Nicotine and Lung Carcinogens Delivered to Cigarette Smokers

“…The mainstream smoke generated via the smoking machine programmed with topographic smoking parameters from individual study participants was analyzed for tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide, BaP, and NNK, as described elsewhere (35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45). Each compound of interest was assayed in triplicate in the smoke collected from the smoking of four cigarettes under parameters obtained for each participant studied.…”

Chemical constituents of tobacco smoke induce the production of interleukin-8 in human bronchial epithelium, 16HBE cells

“…Therefore, a list of smoke components needs to be selected with a sufficiently broad chemical, pharmacological, and toxicological profile [ 4 ]. Hoffmann and his colleagues have published several lists with varying numbers of toxicologically and biologically active mainstream smoke components, which are well-acknowledged as Hoffmann analytes in both the tobacco industry and authorities [ 5 – 7 ]. In the list of Hoffmann analytes, 44 hazardous smoke components except for tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide were divided into nine classes that are ammonia, aromatic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), phenols, carbonyls, hydrocyanic acid, nitrosamines, inorganic elements, and other volatile organics (Table 1 ).…”