Assessment of microbiological quality for swimming pools in South America

Martins, Maria Therezinha; Sato, Maria Inês Z.; Alves, M.N.; Stoppe, Nancy C.; Prado, V.M.; Sanchez, Petra Sanchez

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(95)00063-q

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Significant and positive correlations between the microbiological characteristics and water temperature were reported by Martins et al (1995) for swimming pools waters, who found very significant linear correlations between TC, FC and FS and water temperature in the range 20-33 • C. These correlations are most probably due to the mesophilic nature of most of the assayed bacteria, growing best at moderate than at low temperatures (Leclerc et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Charriere et al (1994) analyzed contaminated raw waters from deep aquifers in Normandy (France), and found a significant correlation between log of thermotolerant coliforms and log EC. Martins et al (1995) studied the microbiological water quality of 60 public outdoor swimming pools in São Paulo city (Brazil), and found significant linear correlations between TC, FC and FS. Eckner (1998) found that in bathing waters (freshwaters and saltwaters) in Sweden there was a significant correlation between FC and EC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Faecal Coliform Bacteria in Febros River (Northwest Portugal): Temporal Variation, Correlation with Water Parameters, and Species Identification

Cabral

Marques

2006

Environ Monit Assess

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Febros river water was sampled weekly, during 35 successive weeks, and analyzed for microbiological (total coliforms, faecal coliforms, faecal streptococci and enterococci) and chemical-physical (ammonia and temperature) parameters. All microbiological parameters were highly correlated with each other and with ammonia, suggesting that the simultaneous determination of all variables currently in use in the evaluation of the microbiological quality of waters is probably redundant, and could be simplified, and that ammonia should be tested as a sentinel parameter of the microbiological pollution load of Febros river. From the strains isolated from positive tubes of the faecal coliforms test (multiple tube fermentation technique) and retested in this assay, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca and Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae strains were positive, indicating that the faecal coliforms test is not totally specific for Escherichia coli, and can detect other bacteria. Considering that these Klebsiella spp. are not necessarily of faecal origin, it was concluded that the faecal coliforms test can overestimate true faecal pollution. From the strains isolated from positive tubes of the faecal coliforms procedure, only Escherichia coli strains were clearly positive in the beta-D-glucuronidase test. All other species were negative or very weakly positive, suggesting that the assay of the beta-D-glucuronidase activity is less prone to false positives than the faecal coliforms test in the quantification of Escherichia coli in environmental waters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faecal Coliform Bacteria in Febros River (Northwest Portugal): Temporal Variation, Correlation with Water Parameters, and Species Identification

Cabral

Marques

2006

Environ Monit Assess

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“…Therefore, health authorities continuously monitor water quality and the environmental condition of spa pools. However, despite this focus on hygiene, spa waters are still an important exposure route for pathogens (Martins et al 1995;Uyan et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Microbial quality and physical–chemical characteristics of thermal springs

Fazlzadeh

Sadeghi

Bagheri

et al. 2015

Environ Geochem Health

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Microbial quality and physical-chemical properties of recreational spas were surveyed to investigate the health aspect of the spas' water. A total of 195 samples were collected from pools and springs of the spas in five sites from Ardebil Province of Iran. The effects of an independent factor defined as 'condition' and its component sub-factors (i.e., sampling point, location, and sampling date) on microbial quality and physical-chemical properties of the spas were studied by applying path analysis. The influence of physical-chemical properties on microbial quality was also considered. The percentage of samples exceeding the ISIRI (Swimming pool water microbiological specifications (vol 9412), Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran, Tehran, 2007) limits for Staphylococcus (spp.) was up to 55.8 in the springs and 87.8 in the pools, 58.1 and 99.2 for HPC, 90.7 and 97.8 for total coliform and fecal coliform, and 9.3 and 34.4 for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. There were significant differences between the pools and springs for both physical-chemical properties and microbial quality. From the path analysis, sampling point was the most effective sub-factor of 'condition' on both the physical-chemical properties and microbial quality. Among the physical-chemical properties, water color had the most enhancing or additive influence on microbial pollution, while EC indicated a reducing or subtractive effect.

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“…For effective quality control, a test for indicator bacteria is usually of primary importance. The most common indicators are the total coli forms, faecal coliforms, intestinal Enterocoic and clostridium perfringens [15][16] while the most common microbiology test for assessing the sanity quality of recreational are the heterotrophic plate counts, total coliform and faecal coliform test. Several fungi know to be pathogenic humans have been isolated from swimming pools in Nigeria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Contamination of Public Outdoor Swimming Pools in Awka, Nigeria

Chinelo¹

2017

ajlsr

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Assessment of microbiological quality for swimming pools in South America

Cited by 29 publications

References 16 publications

Faecal Coliform Bacteria in Febros River (Northwest Portugal): Temporal Variation, Correlation with Water Parameters, and Species Identification

Faecal Coliform Bacteria in Febros River (Northwest Portugal): Temporal Variation, Correlation with Water Parameters, and Species Identification

Microbial quality and physical–chemical characteristics of thermal springs

Fungal Contamination of Public Outdoor Swimming Pools in Awka, Nigeria

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