Assessment of microplastic pollution: occurrence and characterisation in Vesijärvi lake and Pikku Vesijärvi pond, Finland

Scopetani, Costanza; Chelazzi, David; Cincinelli, Alessandra; Esterhuizen-Londt, Maranda

doi:10.1007/s10661-019-7843-z

Cited by 92 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Due to its ubiquitous use, low cost, and the single-use throwaway culture, plastic pollution has become a severe environmental problem [2]. Plastic debris as a source of waste and chemical pollution is detected not only in oceans, forming huge swirling patches in areas, but also soil, sediment, freshwater bodies, and even human stool [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of New and Artificial Aged Microplastic and Leachates on the Germination of Lepidium sativum L.

Pflugmacher

Sulek

Mader

et al. 2020

Plants

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104

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With the increase in environmental monitoring and assessing, we are gaining insight into the extent of microplastic pollution in our environment. The threat posed by microplastics to biota could come, e.g., from leached substances. As some plastic materials have been decaying in nature for extended periods already, the toxic effects of leaching compounds need to be investigated. It is furthermore essential to understand the adverse effects of new plastic and how these effects differ from the effects elicited by old plastic material. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of exposure to leachates from new and artificial aged polycarbonate as well as new and aged polycarbonate granules on various germination parameters of Lepidium sativum were studied. Germination, root, and shoot length, as well as the calculated germination rate index as a measure for germination speed, was negatively influenced in substrate-free and substrate containing exposures. From an ecological and agricultural point of view, this implies possible yield losses with less germinating seeds, slower plant germination speed, and smaller seedlings in general.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of New and Artificial Aged Microplastic and Leachates on the Germination of Lepidium sativum L.

Pflugmacher

Sulek

Mader

et al. 2020

Plants

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104

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“…MPs are being detected in nearly all ecosystems across the globe (Barnes et al 2009;Lusher et al 2015;da Costa et al 2016;Imhof et al 2017;Ng et al 2018;Peeken et al 2018;Scopetani et al 2019), including the water column and sediments of many aquatic environments (Browne et al 2010;Claessens et al 2011;Naidoo et al 2015;Reisser et al 2015;Hoffman and Hittinger 2017). There is a consensus among the scienti c community that even though plastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems is recognised as an environmental threat, data on the ecotoxicity of plastics are scarce (Eerkes-Medrano et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane, high-density polyethylene, and polystyrene microplastic on Nelumbo nucifera (Lotus) in water and sediment

Esterhuizen-Londt

Kim

2021

Preprint

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Plastic waste is recognised as hazardous, with the risk increasing as the polymers break down in nature to secondary microplastics or even nanoplastics. The number of studies reporting on the prevalence of microplastic in every perceivable niche and bioavailable to biota is dramatically increasing. Knowledge of the ecotoxicology of microplastic is advancing as well; however, information regarding plants, specifically aquatic macrophytes, is still lacking. The present study aimed to gain more information on the ecotoxicological effects of six different polymer types as 4 mm microplastic on the morphology (germination and growth) and the physiology (catalase and glutathione S-transferase activity) of the rooted aquatic macrophyte, Nelumbo nucifera. The role of sediment was also considered by conducting all exposure both in a sediment-containing and sediment-free exposure system. Polyvinyl chloride and polyurethane exposures caused the highest inhibition of germination and growth compared to the control. However, the presence of sediment significantly decreased the adverse effects. Catalase activity was increased with exposure to polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, and polystyrene, both in the presence and absence of sediment but more so in the sediment-free system. Glutathione S-transferase activity was significantly increased with exposure to polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polyethylene terephthalate in the sediment-free system and exposure to polyethylene terephthalate and polyurethane in the absence of sediment. There was no clear correlation between the morphological and physiological effects observed. Further studies are required to understand the underlying toxicity mechanism of microplastics.

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“…The MPs (4 mm particles) used were high-density polyethylene (HDPE) (confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectra) produced from threaded bottle caps-common trash seen globally. The MP type, size, and concentration were selected based on monitoring studies which reported on MP pollution in sediments, considering the most commonly detected MPs and their abundance and size distribution [16,17]. In addition, the size used (4 mm) was explicitly selected by selective sieving, so that the pieces would be too large to be consumed by the Enchytraeids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enchytraeus crypticus Avoid Soil Spiked with Microplastic

Pflugmacher

Huttunen

Wolff

et al. 2020

Toxics

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Microplastics (MPs) of varying sizes are widespread pollutants in our environment. The general opinion is that the smaller the size, the more dangerous the MPs are due to enhanced uptake possibilities. It would be of considerably ecological significance to understand the response of biota to microplastic contamination both physically and physiologically. Here, we report on an area choice experiment (avoidance test) using Enchytraeus crypticus, in which we mixed different amounts of high-density polyethylene microplastic particles into the soil. In all experimental scenarios, more Enchytraeids moved to the unspiked sections or chose a lower MP-concentration. Worms in contact with MP exhibited an enhanced oxidative stress status, measured as the induced activity of the antioxidative enzymes catalase and glutathione S-transferase. As plastic polymers per se are nontoxic, the exposure time employed was too short for chemicals to leach from the microplastic, and as the microplastic particles used in these experiments were too large (4 mm) to be consumed by the Enchytraeids, the likely cause for the avoidance and oxidative stress could be linked to altered soil properties.

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Assessment of microplastic pollution: occurrence and characterisation in Vesijärvi lake and Pikku Vesijärvi pond, Finland

Cited by 92 publications

References 67 publications

The Influence of New and Artificial Aged Microplastic and Leachates on the Germination of Lepidium sativum L.

The Influence of New and Artificial Aged Microplastic and Leachates on the Germination of Lepidium sativum L.

Effects of polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane, high-density polyethylene, and polystyrene microplastic on Nelumbo nucifera (Lotus) in water and sediment

Enchytraeus crypticus Avoid Soil Spiked with Microplastic

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