Assessment of Nutritional Status in the Elderly

Kokot, Teresa; Malczyk, Ewa; Ziółko, Ewa; Muc-Wierzgoń, Małgorzata; Fatyga, Edyta

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-805376-8.00009-5

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, for overweight or obese people indicated by a relatively high BMI, their physical performance (e.g., gait speed) can be impaired [61,62], which may weaken the value of BMI to detect sarcopenia. We did not show ideal diagnostic value of TST, the parameter to assess fat content and define energy reserve [18]. Consistently, TST in another study of patients with liver diseases performed poorly in sarcopenia diagnosis, despite a positive correlation of TST with ASMI [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Taken together, for people with no access to standardized diagnostic modalities or advanced equipment in primary care settings, or with no desire for subsequent confirming procedures due to concerns about high cost or radiation exposure, a GNRI value below 108.1 may indicate a high chance of sarcopenia; in contrast, a CC value over 34.0 cm or MAC value over 27.5 cm may be better indicative of non-sarcopenia. Moreover, GNRI may also outperform MAC and CC considering possible errors of interpretation that can affect anthropometric measurements because adipose or connective tissues and edema can take the place of muscle tissues [18]. We further investigated diagnostic value of the concerned indexes to confirm the diagnosis in possible sarcopenia and yielded similar results, except that the specificity and accuracy of ALB at its optimal cut-off value greatly increased, suggesting a larger proportion of sarcopenia patients below the optimal cut-off value in possible sarcopenia than in the entire study population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Malnutrition may often overlap with sarcopenia, highlighting the potential diagnostic value of nutritional risk-related indexes in sarcopenia diagnosis [4,13,14]. Simple and cost-effective tools commonly adopted in nutritional risk assessment include screening scales such as the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) or Short-Form MNA (MNA-SF) [15,16], laboratory indexes such as albumin (ALB) [17], and anthropometric indexes such as calf circumference (CC), mid-arm circumference (MAC), triceps skinfold thickness (TST), body mass index (BMI) [18,19]. Relationships between the indexes and sarcopenia have been investigated in some studies, but evidence on value and superiorities of the indexes in sarcopenia diagnosis is still limited or disputable [20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations of geriatric nutrition risk index and other nutritional risk-related indexes with sarcopenia presence and their value in sarcopenia diagnosis

Qiao

Xia

et al. 2022

BMC Geriatr

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Objective Standard modalities recommended for sarcopenia diagnosis may be unavailable in primary care settings. We aimed to comprehensively evaluate and compare associations of some better popularized nutritional risk-related indexes with sarcopenia presence and their value in sarcopenia diagnosis in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly adults, including geriatric nutrition risk index (GNRI), albumin (ALB), calf circumference (CC), mid-arm circumference (MAC), triceps skinfold thickness (TST) and body mass index (BMI). Methods Based on the West China Health and Aging Trend study, the current study included participants aged 50 or older who were recruited in 2018. Sarcopenia-related assessment and diagnosis were in line with Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019. For each single index, we assessed its association with sarcopenia presence by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis; we also computed diagnostic measures including the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and sensitivity, specificity, accuracy at the optimal cut-off value determined according to Youden’s index. Results A total of 3829 subjects were included, consisting of 516 and 3313 subjects in the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups, respectively. Regarding the risk for sarcopenia presence, the fully adjusted odds ratios of GNRI, ALB, CC, MAC, TST and BMI per standard deviation decrease were 2.95 (95% CI 2.51–3.47, P < 0.001), 1.01 (95% CI 0.90–1.15, P = 0.816), 4.56 (95% CI 3.82–5.44, P < 0.001), 4.24 (95% CI 3.56–5.05, P < 0.001), 1.67 (95% CI 1.92–1.45, P < 0.001) and 4.09 (95% CI 3.41–4.91, P < 0.001), respectively. Regarding the value in sarcopenia diagnosis in the entire study population, their AUCs could be ordered as MAC (0.85, 95% CI 0.83–0.86) > GNRI (0.80, 95% CI 0.78–0.82), CC (0.83, 95% CI 0.81–0.85), BMI (0.81, 95% CI 0.79–0.83) > TST (0.72, 95% CI 0.70–0.74) > ALB (0.62, 95% CI 0.60–0.65). At the relevant optimal cut-off values, the sensitivity was the highest for CC (0.83, 95% CI 0.80–0.87) and MAC (0.80, 95% CI 0.77–0.84), while GNRI showed the highest specificity (0.79, 95% CI 0.78–0.81) and accuracy (0.78, 95% 0.76–0.79). Conclusion Overall diagnostic performance was the best for MAC, followed by GNRI, CC, BMI, and the worst for TST, ALB in distinguishing sarcopenia from non-sarcopenia in middle-aged and elderly adults in community-based settings. CC or MAC might do better in reducing missed diagnosis, while GNRI was superior in reducing misdiagnosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations of geriatric nutrition risk index and other nutritional risk-related indexes with sarcopenia presence and their value in sarcopenia diagnosis

Qiao

Xia

et al. 2022

BMC Geriatr

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“…Assumptions had to be made in calculating this torque. The mass and length of each body segment in addition to the radii of the thigh and shank were taken from literature reviews [15][16][17] [18]. Figure 3 summarizes the overall process of the biomechanical study.…”

Section: B Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape Memory Alloy Actuated Ankle Foot Orthosis for Reduction of Locomotion Force

Alminnawi

Kobayashi

Otani

et al. 2021

2021 World Automation Congress (WAC)

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Humans can be considered inefficient at walking because they are unable to achieve the theoretically ideal "zero energy cost" of steady-state locomotion that is possible for bipeds who have elastic tissues. This inefficiency is mainly due to part of the energy that is generated by the body to complete a single step being dissipated instead of being stored for use in the proceeding step. This suggests that we can improve locomotion efficiency and reduce the metabolic energy cost of walking by manipulating the elasticity of the lower limbs using exoskeletal devices [1]. However, most traditional designs use springs made from regular material that have a constant stiffness. These devices exert a linear force pattern that is not biocompatible because they do not mimic the forces of the muscles or the tendons of the human body. This paper presents an interdisciplinary study of the design of a passive-dynamic ankle foot orthosis mechanism that reduces the biological muscle force requirements during locomotion, thus reducing the metabolic energy cost of walking while maintaining biocompatibility. Shape memory alloy is used as a smart material for an actuator owing to its super-elasticity. This super-elasticity provides a nonlinear stiffness pattern that generates forces comparable to those of healthy muscles.

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“…TABLE II Additional Anthropometric Measures That Can BeObtained During PCP or Dietitian Visits[69][70][71][72][73] …”

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confidence: 99%

Team Approach: Nutritional Assessment and Interventions in Elective Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

et al. 2022

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Nutritional assessment is a critical element of routine preoperative assessment and should be approached by an interdisciplinary team that involves the primary care physician, dietitian, and orthopaedist.» Patients should be stratified on the basis of their nutritional risk, which influences downstream optimization and deficiency reversal.» The scientific literature indicates that nutritional supplementation affords protection against adverse outcomes and helps functional recovery, even among patients who are not at nutritional risk.» Published investigations recommend a sufficient preoperative interval (at least 4 weeks) to ensure an adequate nutritional intervention in malnourished patients as opposed to regarding them as nonsurgical candidates.Disclosure: The Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest forms are provided with the online version of the article (http://links.lww.com/JBJSREV/A805).

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Assessment of Nutritional Status in the Elderly

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Associations of geriatric nutrition risk index and other nutritional risk-related indexes with sarcopenia presence and their value in sarcopenia diagnosis

Associations of geriatric nutrition risk index and other nutritional risk-related indexes with sarcopenia presence and their value in sarcopenia diagnosis

Shape Memory Alloy Actuated Ankle Foot Orthosis for Reduction of Locomotion Force

Team Approach: Nutritional Assessment and Interventions in Elective Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

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