Assessment of oil refinery waste on Rhizophora mangle L. seedling growth in mangroves of Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia, Brazil

Abstract

Seeds of Rhizophora mangle L. were planted and comparatively assessed in six mangroves of Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia, Brazil. Five of the mangroves were on the north of the bay, an area under the in¯uence of oil activities: two areas around the Landulpho Alves Re®nery in Mataripe, and in Madre de Deus Island, Pati Island, and Fontes Island. The control site was a mangrove located on the south of the bay at Jiribatuba on Itaparica Island. In January and March, 1994, 1995 and 1998, sets of seeds were established and distributed in a pattern at regular intervals of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 m from one another. Every 3 months, the seedlings were assessed for ®xation, height, number of lateral branches, surface area and wet and dry weight of leaves. During 1998, ®ve individual seedlings were removed for biomass determination every 6 months. All variables were co-related with environmental conditions. After 12 months, a signi®cant growth pattern difference p , 0:05 was noted between seedlings from the mangrove around the re®nery and those from Jiribatuba, mainly related to the rates of ®xation higher than 50% and growth of leaves and precocious lateral branches to the two most impacted mangroves around the re®nery, and Madre de Deus and Pati Islands. This branching was not observed on the seedlings grown in the mangroves of Fontes Island and Jiribatuba. The construction of an ef¯uent emission channel into one of the mangrove area from the re®nery began in 1998. One hundred and twenty-®ve seedlings 1 yr in age and other young plants died following direct contact with these ef¯uents in February, 1999. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of AEHMS.

Chemical and microbiological characterization of mangrove sediments after a large oil-spill in Guanabara Bay - RJ - Brazil

“…Several Bacillus strains from soils and mangrove sediments have already been reported as hydrocarbon degraders and emulsifier producers (10,13,23). Our results support those of Macrae et al on soil (16), who found bacilli as dominant rhizosphere organisms and suggested that they should be targeted to provide microbial solutions which ameliorate polluted environments. Clearly, the desire to remediate pollution exists and our preliminary findings support the notion that it is in polluted sites that we are likely to find the microbes best adapted to carry out bioremediation.…”

Effect of biostimulation treatments on the toxicity of oil-contaminated mangrove sediment

“…1). In 1998, an effluent emission channel was built to transport the wastes from the refinery to a mangrove area located at the RLAM vicinity (Orge et al, 2000). The oils produced in Todos os Santos Bay were classified as light oils and the RLAM refines oils from diverse sources (Gaglianone & Trindade, 1988).…”

“…A mangrove area at the northeastern area of Todos os Santos Bay (Brazil) submitted to petroleum industry impact for more than 70 years was characterized as contaminated (Venturini & Tommasi, 2004), presenting total polyaromatic hydrocarbon concentrations varying from 8 to 4163 ng g -1 dry weight. The toxic effects of this local contamination was evaluated by benthic communities structure analysis (Peso-Aguiar et al, 2000;Venturini et al, 2008), growth dynamics of seedlings from the mangrove (Orge et al, 2000), sediment bioassays with Litopenaeus vannamei larvae (sub-lethal effect) (Evangelista et al, 2005) and interstitial and surface water bioassays with larva of Artemia salina (lethal effect), Echinometra lucunter (sub-lethal effect) and Crassostrea rhizophorae (sub-lethal effect) (Nascimento et al, 2000). In this context, the ecotoxicological aspects of a remediation program should be evaluated to design future in situ experiments in this area.…”

Fonte e distribuição de hidrocarbonetos do petróleo nos sedimentos da Baía de Todos os Santos, Bahia

“…Alguns fatores morfológicos (valores médios) contribuem para o baixo tempo de residência da água no seu interior: profundidade de 6,9 metros, volume de 6,39 x 10 . (Orge et al, 2000).…”

“…Baseando-se em estudos anteriores (Tavares, 1997;Peso-Aguiar et al, 2000;Orge et al, 2000) foi feito inicialmente um levantamento geoquímico em oito estações (Fig. 1).…”