Assessment of oxidant/antioxidant system in newborns and their breast milks

Sandal, Gonca; Uraş, Nurdan; Gökmen, Tülin; Oğuz, Şerife Suna; Erdeve, Ömer; Dilmen, Uğur

doi:10.3109/14767058.2012.717998

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Sandal et al reported similar TAC, TOS, and OSI in colostrum of healthy term and preterm newborns. 28 However, in their study, preterm infant group has a high mean gestational age and their results may not be representative for smaller and more vulnerable infants. Two studies with small sample sizes showed similar antioxidant levels in preterm and healthy term BM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Evaluation of Total Antioxidant Capacity and Total Oxidant Status of Preterm and Term Breast Milk during the Course of Lactation and within a Nursing Session

et al. 2019

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Objective Breast milk (BM) contains antioxidant molecules which may offer protection against oxidative stress (OS). We aim to investigate oxidant–antioxidant balance in preterm BM during the course of lactation and within a nursing session. Study Design Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) were measured in colostrum, transitional, and mature BM samples of preterm infants born earlier than 34th week of pregnancy and healthy term infants. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. Foremilk and hindmilk samples were collected separately. Results In colostrum and transitional milk, TAC (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively) and TOS (p = 0.005 and p < 0.001, respectively) were lower in preterm BM compared with term BM. OSI was also lower in preterm BM, but it was statistically significant only in transitional milk (p < 0.001). TAC was highest in colostrum and decreased through the course of lactation. However, the decrease in TAC was not statistically significant in preterm BM. Lowest values of TOS and OSI were observed in colostrum. In transitional term BM, hindmilk had a better oxidant–antioxidant profile as indicated by lower TOS and OSI. Conclusion Oxidant–antioxidant balance is preserved in BM in every stage of lactation. Preterm BM has lower OSI which may offer benefits to preterm newborn against OS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Evaluation of Total Antioxidant Capacity and Total Oxidant Status of Preterm and Term Breast Milk during the Course of Lactation and within a Nursing Session

et al. 2019

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“…Preterm infants are born relatively deficient in antioxidant defenses, with increased oxidant stress [5]. Many events, such as infection, mechanical ventilation, intravenous nutrition, and blood transfusions result in oxidative stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The premature infant is especially susceptible to damage from oxidative stress for two reasons: (1) adequate concentrations of antioxidants may be absent at birth; (2) the ability to increase synthesis of antioxidants is impaired. This can lead to an increased risk for the development of oxidative stress–induced diseases such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) [5,6]. Therefore, it is critical in premature infants to ensure an adequate supply of dietary antioxidants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Nutritional Antioxidant Content in Breast Milk, Donor Milk, and Infant Formulas

et al. 2016

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Human milk is the optimal food for human infants, including infants born prematurely. In the event that a mother of a hospitalized infant cannot provide breast milk, donor milk is considered an acceptable alternative. It is known that the macronutrient composition of donor milk is different than human milk, with variable fat content and protein content. However, much less is known about the micronutrient content of donor milk, including nutritional antioxidants. Samples of breast milk from 12 mothers of infants hospitalized in the Newborn Intensive Care Unit until were collected and analyzed for concentrations of nutritional antioxidants, including α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein + zeaxanthin, retinol, and α-tocopherol. Additionally, a homogenized sample of donor milk available from a commercial milk bank and samples of infant formulas were also analyzed. Concentrations of nutritional antioxidants were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Compared to breast milk collected from mothers of hospitalized infants, commercially available donor milk had 18%–53% of the nutritional antioxidant content of maternal breast milk. As donor milk is becoming a common nutritional intervention for the high risk preterm infant, the nutritional antioxidant status of donor milk–fed premature infants and outcomes related to oxidative stress may merit further investigation.

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“…These tests include superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl, single oxygen and peroxynitrite scavenging assays. However, TAS determination may give more precise information than the measurement of each component separately, since the decrease in one component may be compensated by the increase in another, so that all the antioxidant machinery behaves as a self-regulating system (Sandal et al, 2013).…”

Section: Determination Of Total Antioxidant Capacity In Human Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The child's exposure to the environment outside the womb is an oxidative challenge, and requires an adaptation from a low-oxygen to a high-oxygen environment. This high oxygen concentration increases aerobic metabolic pathways and causes toxic effects on tissues, pathologic cellular changes and increase in free radical products (Gitto et al, 2012;Sandal et al, 2013;Mutinati et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding: Antioxidative properties of breast milk

Matos¹,

Ribeiro

Guerra

2015

J Appl Biomed

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Birth is an event that exposes the newborn baby to a high concentration of free radicals (reactive oxygen species (ROS) / reactive nitrogen species (RNS)), which can contribute to several diseases. The balanced equilibrium between ROS / RNS and the antioxidant system of the newborn is a key factor in preventing a plethora of diseases. The antioxidant system involves endogenous and exogenous molecules, from vitamins (A, E, C), to enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase), metals (copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se)) and other molecules (coenzyme Q 10 , melatonin) that can act in a synergistic manner to deactivate free radicals. A competent antioxidant system of the baby is strongly dependent on the intake of free radical deactivating molecules from feeding, either maternal or formula milk, with several studies pointing that breast milk has more powerful antioxidant effects on lowering the infant´s oxidative status. An improved understanding of the antioxidant molecules, their mechanism of action, and the relationships between them, are key factors to comprehend all the potential benefits of human breastfeeding in this matter. The purpose of this review is to describe different research efforts and methodologies of evaluation of total antioxidant system (TAS) in human milk, and to evaluate and summarize the contribution of different antioxidant molecules in TAS, with special emphasis in the last 10 years.

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Assessment of oxidant/antioxidant system in newborns and their breast milks

Abstract: In preterm newborns and term SGA infants, total oxidant stress is increased and antioxidant capacity is low. No significant difference was found between mother milks of preterm and term AGA and SGA infants.

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

Evaluation of Total Antioxidant Capacity and Total Oxidant Status of Preterm and Term Breast Milk during the Course of Lactation and within a Nursing Session

Evaluation of Total Antioxidant Capacity and Total Oxidant Status of Preterm and Term Breast Milk during the Course of Lactation and within a Nursing Session

A Comparison of Nutritional Antioxidant Content in Breast Milk, Donor Milk, and Infant Formulas

Breastfeeding: Antioxidative properties of breast milk

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