Assessment of Pain, Anxiety, and Cortisol Levels During the Initial Aligning Phase of Fixed Orthodontic Treatment

Aksoy, Alev; Cesur, Mine Geçgelen; Dağdeviren, Birsen Harun; Özkaynak, Yasemin Alpağan; Karacin, Gizem; Gültekin, Fatih

doi:10.5152/turkjorthod.2019.18043

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Caution is suggested when comparing the actual findings with others, since there are methodological limitations as the lack of information on the patients’ age, mechanics applied and magnitude of malocclusion, which can compromise the results 7,9,13 . Additionally, only one study 12 considered anxiety in the exclusion criteria, which can influence the pain perception 19 and should not be neglected in pain perception studies. According to a systematic review, 14 only one study that investigated the pain perception with aligners and conventional appliances was considered to have a high level of evidence 12 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there are controversies regarding these factors on the pain process, we still decided to match them to ensure similar extents of tooth movement in both groups. 3 Other behavioural factors as the degree of pain vigilance, 16,17 anxiety 18,19 and catastrophizing 20,21 or the pain modulation profile 15 can potentiate the pain, increasing the perception and decreasing the tolerance. For this reason, we also aimed to understand more thoroughly the participation of these factors in determining the pain levels in order to eliminate all biases that could influence the pain response.…”

Section: Ta B L Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7][8][9][10] However, when considering the perception of pain due to orthodontic movement, there is scarcity of randomized clinical trials or studies evaluating this variable with longer follow-up. 7,9,[11][12][13][14] Additionally, no study on orthodontics and pain considered intrinsic and psychosocial factors that could influence the pain intensity, such as endogenous capacity for pain modulation, 15 degree of hypervigilance, 16,17 anxiety 18,19 and catastrophizing. 20,21 Thus, this study compared the pain intensity reported by patients undergoing treatment with OA and FA during the first 6 months of treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of pain intensity in patients treated with aligners and conventional fixed appliances: Randomized clinical trial

Casteluci

Oltramari

Conti

et al. 2020

Orthod Craniofacial Res

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Objective This randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the pain intensity in patients treated with orthodontic aligners and conventional fixed appliances. Setting and sample population This study was a randomized clinical trial. The sample comprised 39 patients randomly allocated into 2 groups: OA (orthodontic aligners, n = 20) and FA (Fixed Appliance, n = 19). Material and methods The pain intensity was measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS) in the following periods: T0 (baseline), T1 (seven days after appliance placement) and seven days after each return on the first (T2), third (T3) and sixth (T4) months. The following variables were also investigated in the baseline: conditioned pain modulation, anxiety levels, hypervigilance and catastrophizing. The VAS measurements between groups were compared by the Mann‐Whitney test. Comparisons between periods within each group were performed by the Friedman test. Data regarding catastrophizing and hypervigilance were compared by the t test. All tests were applied at a significance level of 5%, with 95% confidence interval. Results Both groups presented similar levels of anxiety, hypervigilance, catastrophizing and conditioned pain modulation. Both groups did not differ concerning the pain intensity in all periods. The intragroup evaluation revealed statistical differences between days in the FA group at all moments evaluated, for the OA group, similar findings between days were found for the T1 evaluation; however, at the 6‐month period (T4), the pain levels varied over these days without statistical difference. Higher levels of pain were observed in the first seven days after appliance placement. Conclusion The pain intensity, usually mild, was not influenced by the appliance design, although different patterns of reported pain seem to occur between groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ta B L Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation of pain intensity in patients treated with aligners and conventional fixed appliances: Randomized clinical trial

Casteluci

Oltramari

Conti

et al. 2020

Orthod Craniofacial Res

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“…Most of the published studies that quantify pain and the impact of treatment on OHRQoL have used brackets with a 0.022" slot [19,20,22,23], with only a few studies using brackets with a 0.018" slot [27]; hence the justification for analyzing the influence of slot size in this study. El-Angbawi AM et al analyzed the influence of slot size (0.018" with 0.022") on pain during orthodontic treatment, and concluded that there were no statistically significant differences between the two study groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Slot Size on Pain and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in Orthodontics during the First Month of Treatment with Conventional and Low-Friction Brackets

et al. 2020

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The aim of this research project was to analyze the influence of slot size and low-friction on pain and the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of subjects receiving fixed appliances. A group of 120 patients (61 male, 59 female) were chosen for this randomized clinical trial. Participants were classified into four groups (30 patients in each). We compared conventional (C group) and low-friction (LF group) brackets and 0.018″ and 0.022″ slots. Pain was assessed at 4 (T0), 8 (T1), and 24 (T2) hours, and 2 (T3), 3 (T4), 4 (T5), 5 (T6), 6 (T7), and 7 (T8) days after the start of treatment by using the visual analogue scale (VAS). OHRQoL was assessed at 1 month using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). Data was analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test with post-hoc Bonferroni correction. For pain on the visual analogue scale, statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found for T0 and T3. For OHRQoL, statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) were found in the domains of physical pain, psychological discomfort, psychological disability, and overall OHIP. The group with 0.022″ low-friction brackets showed a lower pain score and less impact on OHRQoL. The type of bracket system used and bracket slot size influenced patients’ perceptions of pain and their OHRQoL.

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“…Fear of pain may prevent patients from undergoing orthodontic treatment, and painful experiences may lead to discontinuing their treatment [ 5 ]. Pain and discomfort have been evaluated during different orthodontic procedures from the first stages of elastomeric separators [ 6 , 7 ] through archwire replacements [ 8 ] and till the end of treatment and retainers wear [ 9 ]. The intensity of the pain associated with orthodontics increases with the increase in the duration of treatment [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Perceived Pain, Discomfort, Functional Impairments, and Satisfaction When Relieving Crowded Lower Anterior Teeth in Young Adult Patients Using Corticision-Assisted Fixed Orthodontic Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Sirri¹,

Burhan²,

Hajeer³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Background No previous trial (randomized and controlled) studied the levels of pain, discomfort, and acceptability associated with acceleration of dental movement during orthodontic treatment using corticision. The purpose of this study is to compare the pain, discomfort, ease of procedure, patient satisfaction, and analgesic use during corticision-assisted (without extraction) decrowding of the lower anterior teeth with the traditional orthodontic method. Materials and Methods Fifty-two patients (38 females, 14 males; mean age: 21.38 ± 1.05) were randomly distributed into two groups: the corticision group (CORT, n=26) and the control group (CONT, n=26). Corticision was applied by a surgical blade and a hammer at three anterior regions on the lower jaw using three radiological guides. The levels of pain, discomfort, swelling and chewing difficulties were registered on a visual analog scale (VAS) at one, seven, and 14 days after applying the first wire (0.14-inch NiTi archwire). Questionnaires were administered to assess the level of satisfaction, ease of the procedure, and the number of analgesics patients took. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to detect significant differences between the two groups. The Chi-Square test was used to study the significance of differences in taking analgesics during the first week of treatment. Results One day following the intervention, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups concerning pain levels, discomfort, and difficulties of mastication (P=0.293, P=0.166, P=0.538; respectively), but there was a statistically significant difference in the perceived swelling (P=0.012). On the seventh and 14th days of assessment, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding the previous variables. In the CORT group, the proportion of patients who were satisfied with treatment was approximately 94%, the proportion of those who found the treatment easy was 96%, 84% of patients wanted to repeat the procedure, and 92% of them would recommend this procedure to a friend. Conclusions There were no statistically significant differences in pain perception, discomfort, difficulties with mastication, and analgesic consumption between the interventional group and the control group. The perception of swelling was greater in the experiment group (the corticision group) at 24 hours following the first archwire engagement, and then it gradually decreased. Patients in both groups showed high levels of satisfaction following leveling and alignment. Those in the experimental groups showed a high level of willingness to undergo the same procedure again and a high level to recommend this procedure to a friend.

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Assessment of Pain, Anxiety, and Cortisol Levels During the Initial Aligning Phase of Fixed Orthodontic Treatment

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Evaluation of pain intensity in patients treated with aligners and conventional fixed appliances: Randomized clinical trial

Evaluation of pain intensity in patients treated with aligners and conventional fixed appliances: Randomized clinical trial

A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Slot Size on Pain and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in Orthodontics during the First Month of Treatment with Conventional and Low-Friction Brackets

Evaluation of Perceived Pain, Discomfort, Functional Impairments, and Satisfaction When Relieving Crowded Lower Anterior Teeth in Young Adult Patients Using Corticision-Assisted Fixed Orthodontic Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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