Structured Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of omega‐3 fatty acids on orthodontic tooth movement. Setting and Sample Population For this study, 56 12‐week‐old adult male Wistar albino rats from the Animal Laboratory at Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Medicine, were used. Material and Methods Rats were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 8 each): control group (without any treatment), tooth movement groups (three groups of animals with only tooth movement) and omega groups (three groups of animals with tooth movement and omega‐3 administration). Omega‐3 fatty acids were administered to the rats systemically during the tooth movement period. On the 3rd, 7th and 14th days after the orthodontic tooth movement, the rats were sacrificed and biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical andgene expression examinations were performed. Results On the 14th experimental day, the amount of tooth movement in the omega groups was significantly lower than the tooth movement groups (P = 0.012). Biochemical experimentsshowed that the omega groups had significantly lower total oxidant levels and higher total antioxidant levels compared to the tooth movement group on the 14th experimental day (P = 0.001). The levels of RANKL, IL‐6 and IL‐1β in the omega groups were significantly lower than the tooth movement groups on all experimental days (P < 0.05). Conclusion Systemic administration of omega‐3 fatty acids showed antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects and decelerate the orthodontic tooth movement.

Turkish Journal of Orthodontics (Turk J Orthod) is an international, scientific, open access periodical published in accordance with independent, unbiased, and double-blinded peer-review principles. The journal is the official publication of Turkish Orthodontic Society and it is published quarterly on March, June, September and December. Turkish Journal of Orthodontics publishes clinical and experimental studies on on all aspects of orthodontics including craniofacial development and growth, reviews on current topics, case reports, editorial comments and letters to the editor that are prepared in accordance with the ethical guidelines. The journal's publication language is English and the Editorial Board encourages submissions from international authors.

CUR and MEL treatments may be effective in accelerating new bone formation and beneficial in preventing relapse following the RME procedures.

Objective:The aims of this study were to investigate the time at which pain started, the duration and intensity of the pain, the teeth affected in the mouth and whether sex was important in the perception of pain during the first week of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) treatment. MaterialsandMethods:Sixty-two patients, 30 boys (mean age 12.91±0.70 years), 32 girls (mean age 13.16±0.52) undergoing RME treatment with an acrylic-bonded appliance was surveyed. The appliance was activated with two turns per day. The patient's pain response was measured for each day in the morning and evening for a week using the Facial Pain Scale-Revised. Results: Pain was reported by 66.12 per cent of patients after first activation of expansion appliance. No sex difference was found for percentage of patients reporting pain. At the posterior teeth, there were statistically significant results between the mean pain scores on days 2 and 6 in the morning and on days 1 and 6 in the evening for male patients. Conclusion: Most of the patients undergoing RME treatment perceived pain, especially during the early phase of expansion. The maximum levels of pain were perceived during the first 5 days and showed variability among patients.Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı hızlı maksiller genişletme (HMG) tedavisinin ilk haftasında ağrının başladığı zamanı, ağrının süresi ve yoğunluğunu, ağızda etkilenen dişleri ve cinsiyetin ağrı algısındaki önemini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Akrilik bonded aparey ile HMG tedavisi uygulanan 30 erkek (ortalama yaş 12,91±0,70 yıl), 32 kız (ortalama yaş 13,16±0,52), 62 hasta araştırmada yer almıştır. Aparey günde iki tur aktive edilmiştir. Hastanın ağrı yanıtı Yüz Ağrı Skalası-Revize versiyonu kullanılarak bir hafta boyunca her gün sabah ve akşam ölçülmüştür. Bulgular: Genişletme apareyinin ilk aktivasyonundan sonra hastaların %66,12'si tarafından ağrı rapor edilmiştir. Cinsiyetler arasında ağrı bildiren hastaların yüzdeleri bakımından herhangi bir fark bulunamamıştır. Arka dişlerde, sabah 2. ve 6. günlerde, akşam 1. ve 6. günlerde ortalama ağrı skorları arasında erkek hastalarda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı sonuçlar vardır. Sonuç: HMG tedavisi gören hastaların çoğu, özellikle genişletmenin erken evresinde ağrı hissetmiştir. Maksimum ağrı seviyeleri ilk 5 gün boyunca algılanmış ve hastalar arasında değişkenlik göstermiştir.

Objectives: To evaluate the Interleukin-4 (IL-4), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I) levels in peri-miniscrew crevicular fluid (PMCF) during orthodontic tooth movement between 75 and 150 g of distalization force. Materials and Methods: Thirty miniscrews were placed bilaterally between the maxillary second premolars and first molars. The right and the left maxillary canines were moved distally using either 75 or 150 g of force. PMCF samples were collected before loading (T0); at 2 hours (T1) and 24 hours (T2) later; and on days 7 (T3), 14 (T4), 21 (T5), 30 (T6), and 90 (T7) after force application. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to determine BALP, CTX-I, and IL-4 levels. Results: There was no significant difference between the force groups at all time points with respect to BALP, CTX-I, and IL-4 levels (P &gt; .05). There was no significant difference among time points for the two force groups in terms of BALP and IL-4 levels (P &gt; .05). The CTX-I level at T3 was significantly higher than at T0 for both force groups (P &lt; .05). Conclusions: Both 75 g and 150 g of orthodontic force are within optimal force limits, and there is no difference in biochemical markers of bone turnover.