Comparison of BALP, CTX-I, and IL-4 levels around miniscrew implants during orthodontic tooth movement between two different amounts of force

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the Interleukin-4 (IL-4), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I) levels in peri-miniscrew crevicular fluid (PMCF) during orthodontic tooth movement between 75 and 150 g of distalization force. Materials and Methods: Thirty miniscrews were placed bilaterally between the maxillary second premolars and first molars. The right and the left maxillary canines were moved distally using either 75 or 150 g of force. PMCF samples were collected before loading (T0); at 2 hours (T1) and 24 hours (T2) later; and on days 7 (T3), 14 (T4), 21 (T5), 30 (T6), and 90 (T7) after force application. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to determine BALP, CTX-I, and IL-4 levels. Results: There was no significant difference between the force groups at all time points with respect to BALP, CTX-I, and IL-4 levels (P > .05). There was no significant difference among time points for the two force groups in terms of BALP and IL-4 levels (P > .05). The CTX-I level at T3 was significantly higher than at T0 for both force groups (P < .05). Conclusions: Both 75 g and 150 g of orthodontic force are within optimal force limits, and there is no difference in biochemical markers of bone turnover.

Inhibitory effect of exogenous IL‐4 on orthodontic relapse in rats

“…As IL‐4 is known to affect bone metabolism and cause bone remodelling, exogenous IL‐4 was administered at the relapsing stage. However, there is not yet enough evidence to confirm that endogenous IL‐4 affects bone formation during orthodontic treatment (Cesur et al., 2019; Gross et al., 2017; He et al., 2015; Wehrhan et al., 2019; Yashin et al., 2017).…”

“…A high‐speed dental handpiece (NSK Ltd) with a needle was used to grind a 0.5–1 mm deep retention groove on the labial and the distal surfaces of the maxillary incisors and on the mesial axial angle of the maxillary first molars. Then, a 0.25 mm orthodontic ligation wire (Shinye) was applied to ligate a nickel–titanium tension spring (length: 6 mm, diameter: 0.3 mm) (Shinye) between the maxillary incisor and the first molar with a force of 50 g (Cesur et al., 2019; Iwasaki et al., 2000). The bilateral maxillary incisors were made to act as anchorages to pull the first molars mesially.…”

“…Then, a 0.25 mm orthodontic ligation wire (Shinye) was applied to ligate a nickel-titanium tension spring (length: 6 mm, diameter: 0.3 mm) (Shinye) between the maxillary incisor and the first molar with a force of 50 g (Cesur et al, 2019;Iwasaki et al, 2000). The bilateral maxillary incisors were made to act as anchorages to pull the first molars mesially.…”

The osteoclastic activity in apical distal region of molar mesial roots affects orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats

“… 8 However, evidences have not reached a consensus regarding the exact magnitude of the OOF and it is urgent to explore how to evaluate it in clinical practice. 9 , 10 …”

Evaluation of Cephalometric Changes in Treatment of Skeletal Class III Malocclusion Using Miniscrews and Intermaxillary Coil Spring

“…There was a study (8,9) found that miniscrews on the side of the mouth loaded with lighter forces were substantially more stable than those loaded with larger forces. In another investigation, miniscrews loaded with 100 or 200 g had much greater success rates than unloaded miniscrews and those loaded with 50 g (10) .…”