Assessment of pain associated with degenerative hip disorders in adult male turkeys

Duncan, Ian; Beatty, Ellen; Hocking, Paul; Duff, S.R.I.

doi:10.1016/0034-5288(91)90106-x

Cited by 63 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Osteoarthritis, for example, as identified by the existence of osteophytes in the peri-articular joint space, has been found in up to 9.8% of pigeons and 3% of hawks (Rothschild and Panza 2006). Overweight turkeys, overweight chickens, and ostriches kept in small enclosures have been found to develop degenerative joint disease (cartilage fibrillation, fissuring, chondrocyte clustering, changes in proteoglycan content, and cartilage thinning) in both the hip and hock joints (Duff 1985;Duncan et al 1991;Anderson-Mackenzie et al 1997;Venkatesan et al 1999;AndersonMacKenzie et al 2001;Tomiosso et al 2005). Genetic, environmental, and nutritional factors contribute to the development of osteoporosis in laying hens, with a 30% incidence of fracture reported for these animals (Fleming et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hip joint contact force in the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) during normal level walking

Goetz

Derrick

Pedersen

et al. 2008

Journal of Biomechanics

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The emu is a large, (bipedal) flightless bird that potentially can be used to study various orthopaedic disorders in which load protection of the experimental limb is a limitation of quadrupedal models. An anatomy-based analysis of normal emu walking gait was undertaken to determine hip contact forces for comparison with human data. Kinematic and kinetic data captured for two laboratoryhabituated emus were used to drive the model. Muscle attachment data were obtained by dissection, and bony geometries were obtained by CT scan. Inverse dynamics calculations at all major lowerlimb joints were used in conjunction with optimization of muscle forces to determine hip contact forces. Like human walking gait, emu ground reaction forces showed a bimodal distribution over the course of the stance phase. Two-bird averaged maximum hip contact force was approximately 5.5 times body weight, directed nominally axially along the femur. This value is only modestly larger than optimization-based hip contact forces reported in literature for humans. The interspecies similarity in hip contact forces makes the emu a biomechanically attractive animal in which to model loading-dependent human orthopaedic hip disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hip joint contact force in the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) during normal level walking

Goetz

Derrick

Pedersen

et al. 2008

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…Limiting body weight gain reduces food consumption and the prevalence of musculo-skeletal lesions and weight-related disorders is decreased (Hocking, 1988(Hocking, , 1991Hocking et al, 1998a). There is evidence that musculo-skeletal disease may cause pain during locomotion (Duncan et al, 1991) and the welfare of food-restricted turkeys may therefore be enhanced. Food restriction in female male-line turkeys also decreased musculo-skeletal lesions (Hocking et al, 1998a) and, potentially, food restriction could be used to improve egg production in large strains by controlling the prevalence of multiple ovulation (Hocking, 1992;Hocking and Bernard, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Welfare of food restricted male and female turkeys

Hocking¹

1999

British Poultry Science

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1. The welfare of male and female male-line turkeys fed ad libitum or food-restricted was determined at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 36(38) and 46(48) weeks of age using behavioural and physiological indices of well-being. Traditional turkeys fed ad libitum were kept as a control treatment. Restricted male and female male-line turkeys were fed to 0-5 during rearing and subsequently to 0-8 of sex-specific ad libitum-fed body weight. In another treatment, male-line males were fed ad libitum to 18 weeks and 0.8 of ad libitum thereafter. 2. Traditional turkeys and restricted male-line turkeys were more active than ad libitum-fed birds of both sexes. Restricted turkeys showed a high incidence of wall pecking. In the breeding period, about 0.4 of the observations of male-line males were of strutting behaviour whereas traditional male turkeys showed no strutting behaviour at the end of the breeding period. 3. The heterophil lymphocyte ratio (HLR) and the proportion of basophils were not increased in food-restricted turkeys. The HLR was relatively low in traditional birds, compared with male-line turkeys during the rearing period. 4. Plasma corticosterone concentrations were increased by food restriction during the rearing period. Corticosterone concentrations were relatively high in traditional turkeys at 4 and 8 weeks of age only. 5. Plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LIDH) activity was higher from 12 to 24 weeks of age in ad libitum-fed male-line turkeys and was consistent with mortality from cardiovascular disease in this group of turkeys. The pattern of activity of aspartate transaminase was similar, and alkaline phosphatase was inversely related to that of LDH. 6. It was concluded that turkeys may be better able to adjust physiologically to the demands of food restriction than broiler breeders and that there were few deleterious consequences of restricting male turkeys after 18 weeks of age. Male-line turkeys were less active than traditional turkeys.

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“…At termination of breeding, at least 75% of turkey breeders suffer from abnormal gait or lameness (Hocking 1992). Duncan et al (1991) found that all male breeders had extensive hip joint degeneration, and behavioral assessments with and without anti-inflammatory steroid injections strongly suggest that turkeys experience chronic pain from these hip problems.…”

Section: Skeletal and Cardiovascular Disorders In Turkeysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wild turkeys grow to be less than 4 kg (Healy 1992), whereas the average turkey raised for meat is approximately 13 kg (USDA NASS 2007). Their skeletons are often unable to adequately support such weight, leading to valgusvarus angular (''knock-kneed'') bone deformities (Smith 1991), degenerative hip joint disease (Duncan et al 1991), and up to 20% mortality due to lameness in problem flocks. Turkeys with avulsed tendons may only be able to move by creeping on their hocks and may be unable to access food and water (Julian 1984a).…”

Section: Skeletal and Cardiovascular Disorders In Turkeysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenesis in Animal Agriculture: Addressing Animal Health and Welfare Concerns

Greger

2010

J Agric Environ Ethics

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The US Food and Drug Administration's final Guidance for Industry on the regulation of transgenesis in animal agriculture has paved the way for the commercialization of genetically engineered (GE) farm animals. The productionrelated diseases associated with extant breeding technologies are reviewed, as well as the predictable welfare consequences of continued emphasis on prolificacy at the potential expense of physical fitness. Areas in which biotechnology could be used to improve the welfare of animals while maintaining profitability are explored along with regulatory schema to improve agency integration in GE animal oversight.

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Assessment of pain associated with degenerative hip disorders in adult male turkeys

Cited by 63 publications

References 7 publications

Hip joint contact force in the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) during normal level walking

Hip joint contact force in the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) during normal level walking

Welfare of food restricted male and female turkeys

Transgenesis in Animal Agriculture: Addressing Animal Health and Welfare Concerns

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