Assessment of palatal rugae pattern for sex and ethnicity identification in an iranian population

Sheikhi, Mahnaz; Zandi, Mohammad; Ghazizadeh, Maryam

doi:10.4103/1735-3327.223611

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…There are genes within the connective tissue of the rugae that govern the orientation of the collagen fibers into its unique rugae pattern. The total number of secondary rugae showed high heritability (h 2 > 0.6) which parallel findings of the discriminatory ability of secondary rugae (19).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Only the secondary rugae showed significant difference among the sibling groups. Correspondingly, the secondary rugae has been shown to have stronger discriminatory ability between different populations than primary rugae (19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rugae were predominantly wavy which is commonly documented in most populations such as in Serbians, Turkish, Australians, Iraqi, Bosnians, Indians and Africans (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26) and Chileans with sinuous patterns (13). In contrast, Egyptians and Indonesians had predominantly line rugae (3,27) alike Iranians and Koreans who have straight rugae patterns (16,19). Although the terminology is different due to the various classifications, wavy and sinuous patterns are similar in shape whereas line and straight patterns are analogous.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Usage of rugae shape is preferred over rugae length to facilitate population identification because it is a discrete variable and the rugae shape is stable throughout life (10). It is believed that the rugae shape is mostly genetically controlled because the genes determine the orientation of collagen fibers within the connective tissue of the rugae, thereby governing the rugae pattern of the diverse racial groups (19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Heritability of Palatal Rugae Morphology Among Siblings*†

Chong

Mohamed

Nor

et al. 2020

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Although there is clinical applicability of the palatal rugae as an identification tool in forensic odontology, controversy exists whether the palatal rugae patterns are stable or variable. The greater the genetic component, the higher the probability that palatal rugae patterns are stable. The aim of this study was to compare the palatal rugae morphology between full siblings and the proportion of variability due to genetic component. This cross‐sectional study was conducted on digital models of 162 siblings aged 15–30 years old. The palatal rugae patterns were assessed with Thomas and Kotze (1983) classification using Geomagic Studio software (3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC). The palatal rugae morphology between siblings showed significantly similar characteristics for total number of left rugae (p = 0.001), left primary rugae (p = 0.017), secondary rugae for right (p = 0.024) and left sides (p = 0.001), right straight rugae (p = 0.010), and right convergent rugae (p = 0.005) accounting for at least 6.25%‐12.8% of the variability due to heredity. Despite the similarities found, the palatal rugae patterns showed significant differences between siblings of at least 46.9% (p = 0.001). Zero heritability was found in 9 of the 14 rugae patterns. Meanwhile, total number of rugae, primary, backward, and convergent rugae showed moderate heritability (h2 > 0.3) and total number of secondary rugae showed high heritability (h2 > 0.6). In conclusion, despite the individuality characteristics, an appreciable hereditary component is observed with significant similarities found between sibling pairs and the palatal rugae patterns were both environmentally and genetically influenced.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Heritability of Palatal Rugae Morphology Among Siblings*†

Chong

Mohamed

Nor

et al. 2020

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…2 Palatal rugae pattern due to post-mortem resistance, individuality, stability, and also low cost marks it ideal for gender identification. [2][3][4][5][6][7] Forensic analysts have used various methods like bite marks registration, radiographic analysis, photographs, DNA analysis, Cheiloscopy and Rugoscopy for gender identification. 2,3 Literature survey revealed that various authors have reported that in certain forensic circumstances there are limitations to identification of the deceased by fingerprints, visual identification, DNA probing and dental records.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Reliability of Rugoscopy for Identification of Gender

Gardezi¹,

Hassan²,

Memon³

2019

J Pak Dent Assoc

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METHODOLOGY: A sample size of 456 individuals aged between 15 and 55 years fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited for the study. The shapes and size of rugae were evaluated on dental casts by classification given by the Kapali et al and Thomas et al respectively. Chi-square test was used to see gender dimorphism in rugae shapes and Mann Whitney U test was used for gender dimorphism in rugae size. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. The equation given by Bharath et al. was used to determine gender of an individual. RESULTS: A significant gender dimorphism in rugae shape among Karachi population was observed. The most common rugae shape in males was found to be wavy followed by straight, curved, convergent, divergent and circular rugae. However, the most common rugae shape among females was found to be curved followed by wavy, straight, divergent, convergent and circular rugae. On observing the size of rugae significant gender dimorphism was reported for secondary rugae (p-value= 0.045). The overall percentage of gender prediction by rugoscopy was 45.6 %. CONCLUSION: Rugoscopy have potential for gender identification and thus may be used for gender identification as an ancillary and supplemental tool in forensic investigation.

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