Assessment of pedestrian exposure and deposition of PM10, PM2.5 and ultrafine particles at an urban roadside: A case study of Xi'an, China

Lv, Huitao; Li, Haojie; Qiu, Zhaowen; Zhang, Fan; Song, Jiwen

doi:10.1016/j.apr.2021.02.018

Cited by 45 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…To determine the inhalation risk of PM 2.5 caused by Cd and Pb in the study area, a health risk assessment was carried out according to the guidelines of the USEPA. Because of the influence of different exposure doses (bioavailable concentration, deposition concentration, and both factors) on the assessment results, risk assessment of different doses and probability analyses were carried out [ 21 , 28 , 33 , 65 , 74 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When PM 2.5 enters the respiratory system, it will deposit in the head (above the pharynx), the trachea bronchus, and the pulmonary region [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. The results of exposure experiments validate that the smaller the size of PM, the easier it is to deposit in the pulmonary region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only 30% of the gold nanoparticles are deposited in the tracheal epithelium, which may quickly excrete with the movement of cilia. PM deposited in the pulmonary region may stay for one to several days [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. The studies proved that the metal nanoparticles deposited in the pulmonary region were still partially undissolved after 24 h, and the water-soluble metal ions could be cleared faster in the pulmonary region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies suggested that the bioaccessibility concentration of metals should be considered in the health risk assessments [ 28 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. The multiple-path particle dosimetry (MPPD) model is used to estimate the PM deposition fraction (DF) in the respiratory system [ 19 , 21 , 41 ]. The total concentration of heavy metals and the sampling mass of PM 2.5 are taken into consideration in health risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inhalation Bioaccessibility and Risk Assessment of Metals in PM2.5 Based on a Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry Model in the Smelting District of Northeast China

Sun

Zheng

Wang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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PM2.5 can deposit and partially dissolve in the pulmonary region. In order to be consistent with the reality of the pulmonary region and avoid overestimating the inhalation human health risk, the bioaccessibility of PM2.5 heavy metals and the deposition fraction (DF) urgently needs to be considered. This paper simulates the bioaccessibility of PM2.5 heavy metals in acidic intracellular and neutral extracellular deposition environments by simulating lung fluid. The multipath particle dosimetry model was used to simulate DF of PM2.5. According to the exposure assessment method of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the inhalation exposure dose threshold was calculated, and the human health risk with different inhalation exposure doses was compared. The bioaccessibility of heavy metals is 12.1–36.2%. The total DF of PM2.5 in adults was higher than that in children, and children were higher than adults in the pulmonary region, and gradually decreased with age. The inhalation exposure dose threshold is 0.04–14.2 mg·kg−1·day−1 for the non-carcinogenic exposure dose and 0.007–0.043 mg·kg−1·day−1 for the carcinogenic exposure dose. Cd and Pb in PM2.5 in the study area have a non-carcinogenic risk to human health (hazard index < 1), and Cd has no or a potential carcinogenic risk to human health. A revised inhalation health risk assessment may avoid overestimation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Inhalation Bioaccessibility and Risk Assessment of Metals in PM2.5 Based on a Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry Model in the Smelting District of Northeast China

Sun

Zheng

Wang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…В немногочисленных отечественных исследованиях по изучению влияния взвешенных веществ на здоровье населения [89,94] методика исследования предполагала использование только одного параметра экспозиции -среднесуточных концентраций, тогда как для заболеваний, патогенез которых предполагает аллергические реакции или раздражающий тип действия, не меньшее значение могут иметь высокие пиковые уровни загрязнения, а для заболеваний с большим латентным периодом -усреднённые многолетние концентрации. Использование новых параметров экспозиции, таких как масса депонированных в лёгких фракций PM, практически не встречается, тогда как уже начали появляться отдельные работы в этом направлении [96,97]. Следует отметить, что эти исследования основаны на расчётных данных, и их надёжность ещё требует дальнейшей оценки.…”

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Health risks of air pollution with fine particulate matter

et al. 2021

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The review presents up-to-date information on the health effects of ambient fine particulate matter, obtained in large cohort epidemiological studies, as well as in meta-analysis of pooled data. In addition, it summarizes the current data on the potential pathological mechanisms and existing monitoring systems. The literature search used the Scopus, PubMed, Russian Science Citation Index databases for 19902020. The results of epidemiological studies carried out in different countries indicate that fine particles in ambient air pose a serious threat to health. Scientific publications assessing the health impact of particulate matter show a wide range of adverse effects from the increasing incidence of upper and lower respiratory tract diseases, including exacerbations of bronchial asthma, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, to a high incidence of myocardial infarction, strokes, diabetes mellitus type 2, as well as an increase in overall mortality from natural causes, mainly mortality from respiratory diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, lung cancer. The effects of short-term exposures are described in more detail, while the effects of long-term exposure to fine particles are not well understood. Potential mechanisms of the harmful effects of fine particulate matter include oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions, disorders of autonomic regulation and heart rhythm, fine particles translocation through the alveolar barrier into the vascular bed with endothelial damage and thrombus formation, and genotoxicity. Ambient fine particulate matter is a manageable risk factor, and reductions in air pollution will have a significant impact on public health outcomes.

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Size Distributions and Health Risks of Particulate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere at Coastal Areas in Ningbo, China

Wang,

Shi,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Most current research focusing on the health risk assessments of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have not analyzed the size distributions and human respiratory deposition rates. In the present study, size‐separated particulate matter (PM) was collected in the coastal area of Ningbo using an Anderson eight‐stage air sampler over a 1‐year period (2014–2015). The 16 US Environmental Protection Agency priority PAHs associated with PM were pretreated with rapid solvent extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The respiratory exposure assessment was determined using the multiple‐path particle dosimetry (MPPD) model. The results show that all PAHs exhibited bimodal distribution with one mode peak in accumulation mode (0.43–0.65 µm) and another mode peak in coarse mode (4.7–5.8 µm). In addition, a low coefficient of divergence of PAHs between PM2.1 and PM2.1−10 indicated a high spatial heterogeneity in source factor contribution and formation mechanism. The deposition fluxes (tracheobronchial + pulmonary) of PM were highest for children in the size range of 3.3 µm < particle diameter (Dp) < 9 µm, while for males and females the highest fluxes occurred in the size range of 1.1 µm < Dp < 2.1 µm. The depositions of coarse PM in children were significantly higher than those in adults. The benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaPeq) depositions of dibenz[a,h]anthracene ranged from 1.4e‐04 to 0.015 ng h−1, which were highest among the PAHs. The PAHs on particles with Dp >4.7 µm contributed approximately three times more to children than to males and females. Therefore, the toxicity of coarse PM to children needed attention. The incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCR) for children, males, and females were estimated to be 2.92 × 10−7, 1.82 × 10−7, and 2.38 × 10−7, respectively, which were below the cancer risk guideline value (10−6). These ILCR values were much lower than the risks calculated without considering particle size distributions and respiratory depositions. The combination of the size‐segregated sampling technique and the MPPD model can effectively avoid the overestimation of human respiratory exposure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1–14. © 2024 SETAC

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Assessment of pedestrian exposure and deposition of PM10, PM2.5 and ultrafine particles at an urban roadside: A case study of Xi'an, China

Cited by 45 publications

References 37 publications

Inhalation Bioaccessibility and Risk Assessment of Metals in PM2.5 Based on a Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry Model in the Smelting District of Northeast China

Inhalation Bioaccessibility and Risk Assessment of Metals in PM2.5 Based on a Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry Model in the Smelting District of Northeast China

Health risks of air pollution with fine particulate matter

Size Distributions and Health Risks of Particulate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere at Coastal Areas in Ningbo, China

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