Assessment of persistent brominated and chlorinated organic contaminants in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) in Flanders, Belgium: Levels, profiles and health risk

Malarvannan, Govindan; Belpaire, Claude; Geeraerts, Caroline; Eulaers, Igor; Neels, Hugo; Covaci, Adrian

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.127

Cited by 42 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…While these homologue patterns are consistent with previous observations for Taizhou (Xing et al, 2010); those in our e-waste impacted fish samples differed from patterns observed in Europe, in which hexa-PCBs (mostly PCB-153 and PCB-138) are dominant in fish (Roosens et al, 2008;Malarvannan et al, 2014). The different patterns seen in our e-waste-associated samples may reflect influences from multiple local sources at e-waste recycling sites.…”

Section: Pcbssupporting

confidence: 90%

Human dietary intake of organohalogen contaminants at e-waste recycling sites in Eastern China

Labunska

Abdallah

Eulaers

et al. 2015

Environment International

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This study reports concentrations and human dietary intake of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as well as selected "novel" brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) and organochlorine pesticides, in ten staple food categories. Samples were sourced from areas in Taizhou City, eastern China, where rudimentary recycling and disposal of e-waste is commonplace, as well as from nearby non-e-waste impacted control areas. In most instances, concentrations in foods from e-waste recycling areas exceeded those from control locations. Concentrations of 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB) and bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrabromophthalate (BEH-TBP) in samples from e-waste sites were 3.09-62.2ng/g and 0.81-16.3ng/g lipid weight (lw), respectively; exceeding consistently those in foods acquired from control sites by an order of magnitude in many cases. In contrast, while concentrations of HBCD in some foods from e-waste impacted areas exceed those from control locations; concentrations in pork, shrimp, and duck liver are higher in control samples. This highlights the potential significance of non-e-waste sources of HBCD (e.g. building insulation foam) in our study areas. While concentrations of DDT in all foods examined except pork were higher in e-waste impacted samples than controls; our exposure estimates were well below the provisional tolerable daily intake of 0.01mg/kgbw/day derived by the Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues. Concentrations of ΣPCBs resulted in exposures (650 and 2340ng/kgbw/day for adults and children respectively) that exceed substantially the Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs) for ΣPCBs of 20ng/kgbw/day derived by the Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry. Moreover, when expressed in terms of dioxin-like toxicity equivalency based on the four dioxin-like PCBs monitored in this study (DL-PCBs) (PCB-105, 118, 156, and 167); concentrations in e-waste impacted foods exceed limits set by the European Union in 6 of the 8 food groups studied and result in dietary exposures for children (10.2pgTEQ/kgbw/day) that exceed the WHO tolerable daily intake of 1-4pgTEQ/kgbw/day.

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Section: Pcbssupporting

confidence: 90%

Human dietary intake of organohalogen contaminants at e-waste recycling sites in Eastern China

Labunska

Abdallah

Eulaers

et al. 2015

Environment International

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“…Tapie et al [20] determined the sum of indicator PCBs + PCB 118 in eels from the Gironde values ranging between 1,141 and 5,746 ng/g lw. High concentrations were as well reported from eels in a Belgian canal which reached up to 8,700 ng/g ww [34] and from Flemish waters, where eels reach concentrations between 78 and 4,812 ng/g lw [35].…”

Section: Pcdds Pcdfs and Indicator Pcbssupporting

confidence: 69%

“…PBDE concentrations in the range of 10 to 100 μg/kg ww (sum of BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-49, BDE-66, BDE-85, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, BDE-183 and BDE-209) have been reported from a number of Belgian waters [38], with a maximum value of 5,811 μg/kg lw (for comparison, Lippe 242 μg/kg ww =1,242 μg/kg lw). In eels from 60 Flemish sites sums for 14 BDE congeners (mainly congeners 47, 99 and 100) ranged between 12 and 1,400 μg/kg with a mean of 110 μg/kg [35]. PBDE concentrations from Irish waters were lower and ranged from 1.0 to 7.1 μg/kg ww for the sum of 11 PBDE congeners [27].…”

Section: Sum Of Pbdementioning

confidence: 98%

Contaminant levels in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) in North Rhine-Westphalian rivers

2014

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Background: Populations of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) are declining rapidly and are now considered below safe biological limits. High pollution levels are one of the possible reasons for this decline. Contaminant levels are also of concern with regard to human consumption. This study examined the contamination levels of eels from the North Rhine-Westphalian catchment area of the Rhine and from adjacent rivers. A total of 119 eels from 13 sampling sites were analysed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), mercury, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB). Results: North Rhine-Westphalian eels had very high levels of contaminants comparable to eels from other European water bodies which are strongly influenced by anthropogenic activities. Mean values for PCDD/PCDFs ranged between 0.5 and 5.4 pg WHO 2005 toxicity equivalents (TEQ)/g, for PCDD/PCDF + dl-PCBs between 6.3 and 44.7 pg WHO 2005 TEQ/g, for indicator PCBs between 165 and 1,630 ng/g wet weight (ww), for 6 PBDEs between 9.2 and 242 μg/kg ww, for mercury between 0.069 and 0.314 mg/kg ww, for PFOS between 8.3 and 49 μg/kg ww and for HCB between 3.4 and 50 μg/kg ww. For certain sampling sites, high contamination contents of the eels could be attributed to local sources. Congener patterns for PCBs and PBDEs were described, and biota to suspended matter ratios were calculated. Conclusions: Pollution levels in eels from North Rhine-Westphalia are declining with regard to some contaminants but are still very high. Due to the high contaminant contents, eels from the rivers investigated are not suitable for human consumption. Furthermore, the concentrations of endocrine disrupting contaminants such as PCBs, PCDD/PCDFs and PBDEs in the eels are in a range which might have deleterious effects on the eel populations.

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“…2), resulting in a larger contribution of HBCDs to the sum of all FRs. The PBDE and HBCD data has been discussed in detail in our previous paper (Malarvannan et al, 2014). The lower levels of PFRs measured in Flemish eels compared to PBDEs and HBCDs suggest lower PFR contamination of the Flemish environment.…”

Section: Contamination Status Of Frsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…For comparison to compounds of legacy nature, we also report the data for 14 PBDE congeners and α-,β-and γ-HBCD isomers reported earlier in the same pooled muscle samples by Malarvannan et al (2014).…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Organophosphorus flame retardants in the European eel in Flanders, Belgium: Occurrence, fate and human health risk

Malarvannan

Belpaire

Geeraerts

et al. 2015

Environmental Research

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Assessment of persistent brominated and chlorinated organic contaminants in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) in Flanders, Belgium: Levels, profiles and health risk

Cited by 42 publications

References 52 publications

Human dietary intake of organohalogen contaminants at e-waste recycling sites in Eastern China

Human dietary intake of organohalogen contaminants at e-waste recycling sites in Eastern China

Contaminant levels in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) in North Rhine-Westphalian rivers

Organophosphorus flame retardants in the European eel in Flanders, Belgium: Occurrence, fate and human health risk

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