Assessment of personal exposure to particulate air pollution during commuting in European cities—Recommendations and policy implications

Karanasiou, Angeliki; Viana, Mar; Querol, Xavier; Moreno, Teresa; Leeuw, Frank de

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.036

Cited by 158 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The values here reported while commuting by public transport or walking are generally lower than those reported by other works while commuting by private car (Karanasiou et al 2014, and references therein). Higher exposure to PM (Boogaard et al, 2009), BC (Adams et al, 2001;de Nazelle et al, 2012) and UFP (Ragettli et al, 2013) concentrations are reported when travelling by car compared to other transport modes, although this is highly dependant on the traffic intensity, the ventilation inside the vehicle or the fuel type (Rank et al, 2001;Diapouli et al, 2008;Cattaneo et al, 2009;Geiss et al, 2010;Jalava et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

“…Adams et al, 2001;Hammond et al, 2006;Kaur et al, 2006Kaur et al, , 2007Kaur and Nieuwenhuijsen, 2009;Moreno et al, 2009;Zuurbier et al, 2010;Knibbs et al, 2011;de Nazelle et al, 2012;Kingham et al, 2013;Karanasiou et al, 2014;Gu et al, 2015;Liu et al 2015). Levels of particulate mass will depend on such factors as traffic intensity (Zhu et al, 2002;Buonanno et al, 2011), time of the day (Kaur et al, 2007;Dons et al, 2011;de Nazelle et al, 2012), meteorology (Gomez-Perales et al, 2004;Kaur et al, 2007;Buonanno et al, 2011), type of vehicles (Dons et al, 2011), and distance to the road (Kaur et al, 2006(Kaur et al, , 2007.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urban air quality comparison for bus, tram, subway and pedestrian commutes in Barcelona

Moreno

Reche

Rivas

et al. 2015

Environmental Research

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150

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Access to detailed comparisons in air quality variations encountered when commuting through a city offers the urban traveller more informed choice on how to minimise personal exposure to inhalable pollutants. In this study we report on an experiment designed to compare atmospheric contaminants inhaled during bus, subway train, tram and walking journeys through the city of Barcelona. Average number concentrations of particles 10-300 nm in size, N, are lowest in the commute using subway trains (N<2.5×10(4) part. cm(-3)), higher during tram travel and suburban walking (2.5×10(4) cm(-3)5.0×10(4) cm(-3)), with extreme transient peaks at busy traffic crossings commonly exceeding 1.0×10(5) cm(-3) and accompanied by peaks in Black Carbon and CO. Subway particles are coarser (mode 90 nm) than in buses, trams or outdoors (<70 nm), and concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and Black Carbon are lower in the tram when compared to both bus and subway. CO2 levels in public transport reflect passenger numbers, more than tripling from outdoor levels to >1200 ppm in crowded buses and trains. There are also striking differences in inhalable particle chemistry depending on the route chosen, ranging from aluminosiliceous at roadsides and near pavement works, ferruginous with enhanced Mn, Co, Zn, Sr and Ba in the subway environment, and higher levels of Sb and Cu inside the bus. We graphically display such chemical variations using a ternary diagram to emphasise how "air quality" in the city involves a consideration of both physical and chemical parameters, and is not simply a question of measuring particle number or mass.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban air quality comparison for bus, tram, subway and pedestrian commutes in Barcelona

Moreno

Reche

Rivas

et al. 2015

Environmental Research

Self Cite

150

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show abstract

“…As a result, drivers are exposed to far more PM 2.5 pollution in the road environment [13,14], which exceeds that of residential areas by 30% [15]. Karanasiou et al also found that exposure to PM in cars is higher than in other modes of transport [16]. Experimental research into Los Angeles' roads showed that exposure to ultrafine particles from vehicles accounted for 33-45% of our total daily exposure [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of PM2.5 distribution and transfer characteristics in a car cabin

Ding

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2016

Energy and Buildings

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“…Moreno et al [15] compared atmospheric contaminants inhaled by travelers during bus, subway train, tram, and walking journeys through the city of Barcelona; this paper was focused on the chemical aerosol speciation, carried out in the 10–300 nm particle range. Many other studies were based on the chemical speciation and the relevant influences on the distribution of transport-related air pollutants in urban air [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28], whereas no papers deal with the dose deposited in the human respiratory tract.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedestrians in Traffic Environments: Ultrafine Particle Respiratory Doses

Manigrasso

Natale

Vitali

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Particulate matter has recently received more attention than other pollutants. PM10 and PM2.5 have been primarily monitored, whereas scientists are focusing their studies on finer granulometric sizes due both to their high number concentration and their high penetration efficiency into the respiratory system. The purpose of this study is to investigate the population exposure to UltraFine Particles (UFP, submicrons in general) in outdoor environments. The particle number doses deposited into the respiratory system have been compared between healthy individuals and persons affected by Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Measurements were performed by means of Dust Track and Nanoscan analyzers. Forty minute walking trails through areas with different traffic densities in downtown Rome have been considered. Furthermore, particle respiratory doses have been estimated for persons waiting at a bus stop, near a traffic light, or along a high-traffic road, as currently occurs in a big city. Large differences have been observed between workdays and weekdays: on workdays, UFP number concentrations are much higher due to the strong contribution of vehicular exhausts. COPD-affected individuals receive greater doses than healthy individuals due to their higher respiratory rate.

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Assessment of personal exposure to particulate air pollution during commuting in European cities—Recommendations and policy implications

Cited by 158 publications

References 74 publications

Urban air quality comparison for bus, tram, subway and pedestrian commutes in Barcelona

Urban air quality comparison for bus, tram, subway and pedestrian commutes in Barcelona

Analysis of PM2.5 distribution and transfer characteristics in a car cabin

Pedestrians in Traffic Environments: Ultrafine Particle Respiratory Doses

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