Assessment of plasma BMP-2, BMP-7, BMP-10, vitamin D, and TGF β1 in simple fractures among Sudanese patients

Abstract

Background Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are multifunctional proteins. They work as cytokines regulating osteogenesis during fracture healing process. The objectives of this study were to assess changes in BMPs during fracture and their correlations to Fracture’s healing. Methods Case-Control hospital–based study conducted from January 2018 to January 2019. Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, and blood samples were collected from patients and controls (18–65 years old). Plasma concentrations of selected BMPs and vitamin D were measured using quantitative enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). SPSS version 25 was used to calculate frequencies, Pearson correlation tests, chi-square and unpaired t-test. Results Sixty-five patients with fractures and Sixty-five controls were studied. Means of plasma concentrations were (TGFβ1 = 21.07 ng/ml ±8.49 and 19.8 ng/ml ±7.2) (BMP-2 = 76.3 pg/ml ± 156.6 and 55.5 ng/ml ± 127.9) (BMP-7 = 13.02 pg/ml ±43.5 and 64.6pg/ml ±250) (BMP-10 = 8.14 pg/ml ±12.7 and 5.48 pg/ml ±11.3) (Vitamin D mean was 24.94 ng/ml ±13.2 and 26.2 ng/ml ±11.6) in patients and controls, respectively. Forty-five subjects were enrolled into follow up study: 30 males, 15 females. Healing time mean was 4.13± 2.6 months. No significant correlation between BMP-2/BMP-7 with healing time. Conclusions BMP-7 was significantly lowers in the plasma of patients that controls (P = 0.042). Low Vitamin D was observed among Sudanese participants.

Predictive value of bone morphogenetic protein-7, thromboxane A2, and osteoprotegerin for prognosis of patients with distal radius fractures

“…In the present study, we found that the expression of BMP-7 decreased after the development of fractures, suggesting that lowly expressed BMP-7 is unable to resist injuries after fractures occur. Similarly, Ali et al[ 13 ] reported that BMP-7 was related to fractures. Furthermore, the relationship between BMP-7 and prognosis of the patient was analyzed, and the results showed that BMP-7 was correlated with the prognosis and functional recovery.…”

LncRNA MAGI2-AS3 promotes fracture healing through downregulation of miR-223-3p

“…Fracture healing is a complex biological process that involvese aspects like inflammatory response, neovascularization, and the generation of cartilage and bone tissue. Factors such as a patient’s nutritional status, circulatory status, metabolic level, and age also impact the speed and quality of fracture healing [ 18 ]. For effective healing, it’s essential to ensure the stability of the broken bone and maintenance of sufficient soft tissue coverage to provide an adequate blood supply, which helps to activate endogenous stem cells to repair damaged tissue [ 19 ].…”

BMP Gene‐Immobilization to Dental Implants Enhances Bone Regeneration

“…[ 17 ] The concentrations of various BMPs in normal human plasma are reported to be less than 100 pg ml −1 , and it is known that the concentration of BMPs increases when fractures occur. [ 18 ] Recombinant forms of BMP, specifically BMP‐2, BMP‐4, and BMP‐7, have been shown to improve bone regeneration in animal models. [ 19 ] Of these, rhBMP‐2 and rhBMP‐7 are approved for clinical use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), [ 20 ] and the clinically approved doses of rhBMP‐2 and rhBMP‐7 are in the milligram range.…”