BMP Gene‐Immobilization to Dental Implants Enhances Bone Regeneration

Abstract

For individuals who have experienced tooth loss, dental implants are an important treatment option for oral reconstruction. For these patients, alveolar bone augmentation and acceleration of osseointegration optimize implant stability. Traditional oral surgery often requires invasive procedures, which can result in prolonged treatment time and associated morbidity. It has been previously shown that chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerization of functionalized [2.2]paracyclophanes can be used to anchor gene encoding vectors onto biomaterial surfaces and local delivery of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‐encoding vector can increase alveolar bone volume and density in vivo. This study is the first to combine the use of CVD technology and BMP gene delivery on titanium for the promotion of bone regeneration and bone to implant contact in vivo. BMP‐7 tethered to titanium surface enhances osteoblast cell differentiation and alkaline phosphatase activity in vitro and increases alveolar bone regeneration and % bone to implant contact similar to using high doses of exogenously applied BMP‐7 in vivo. The use of this innovative gene delivery strategy on implant surfaces offers an alternative treatment option for targeted alveolar bone reconstruction.

Smart stimuli-responsive strategies for titanium implant functionalization in bone regeneration and therapeutics

“…Titanium implants are widely used to restore lost teeth and plenty of studies focusing on the surface modification of titanium have been conducted to improve the osseointegration of dental implants. 169–171 As for SSR strategies applied to dental implants, Pourhajibagher et al 91 reported an ex vivo study on the application of SDT, simultaneously with PDT, to inhibit polymicrobial periopathogenic biofilms on titanium dental implant surfaces. In this study, indocyanine green (ICG) was employed as the photostimulation-sonosensitizer, which displayed synergistic anti-biofilm effect under NIR light and US stimulation.…”

Main factors of bone loss and the processes of osseointegration for dental implant: a systematic review

“…In this context, osseointegrated implants were initially applied in the treatment of totally edentulous patients, to reduce the negative psychological impact of the absence of dental elements [1][2][3][4]. Within this context, the purpose of the treatment was to give the patient adequate masticatory function.…”

“…Obtaining a rigid fixation condition between the implant and bone around the implant site is critical [7]. Such a condition is called osseointegration [2,3]. Osseointegration was originally defined as a direct functional and structural connection between organized living bone tissue and the surface of an implant under load.…”

“…While cortical bone has the function of supporting torsional loads and providing greater initial stability, spongy bone is richer in vascular channels and, therefore, in vascularization to supply mesenchymal progenitor cells [3,4]. In this sense, the complex and dynamic process of osseointegration can occur via contact osteogenesis, where the surface of the implant is filled with bone cells after fixation to form new bone, or via osteogenesis, where bone formation is preceded by tissue osteoclastogenesis.…”

“…Moreover, implantology is one of the branches of dental medicine that has evolved the most as a result of the investigations carried out in the last fifty years [3]. The treatment of oral rehabilitation with implants obtained a substantial evolution.…”