Assessment of Protective Effects of Pheniramine Maleate on Reperfusion Injury in Lung After Distant Organ Ischemia

Abstract

The PM has a protective effect against I/R injury in rat lung.

<p>The Effect of Cerium Oxide on Lung Tissue in Lower Extremity Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Sevoflurane Administered Rats</p>

“…The primary effects of oxygen radicals released into the medium on the lungs include vascular endothelial damage, increased permeability and consequently pulmonary edema. 28,29 Although many studies in the literature use different parameters, lung damage has been evaluated especially with Figure 1 Normal-structural lung tissue parenchyma in the control group, HEx100. Abbreviations: A, alveolus; SA, saccus alveolaris; DA, ductus alveolaris; ias, interalveolar septum; ias, interalveolar septum, ↓, pulmonary vascular thickening.…”

Investigation of the antioxidant effects of pheniramine maleate and nebivolol on testicular damage in rats with experimentally induced testis torsion

“…PM is widely used for the treatment of allergy and cold symptoms and has an anti-inflammatory effect, which functions through the transcription factor NF-kB. It affects I/R damage by inhibiting the secretion of some mediators in the inflammatory process 1 .…”

“…Yürekli et al 18 illustrated the protective effect of PM by I/R damage in the brain tissue, while Nosalova et al 4 obtained similar results by mesenteric I/R damage. Gökalp et al 1 have detected that PM has a protective effect on the I/R damage of lung tissue through the inhibition of the inflammatory mediators.…”

“…Pheniramine maleate (PM) is an alcylamine-derived H1 antihistaminic, mostly used for the symptomatic treatment of allergies and the flu due to its high agregation capacity to cell membranes because of its lipophilic features and resulting prevention of the formation and/or secretion of free radicals and its anti-inflammatory effect 1 .…”

The effects of steroids on endothelial function

“…Inflammation involves the bonding of leukocytes from the bloodstream to the vessel wall via selectins, vascular cell adhesion molecules, intercellular adhesion molecules, chemokines, and interleukins ( 2 ). It has been demonstrated in many experimental and clinical studies that steroids have anti-inflammatory effects ( 2 , 3 ). Certainly steroids, as strong anti-inflammatory agents, can have positive effects on endothelial dysfunction ( 2 ).…”