Assessment of risk behaviours and factors associated with oral and peri-oral lesions in adult HIV patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Diro, Ermias; Feleke, Yeweyenhareg; Guteta, Senbeta; Fekade, Daniel

doi:10.4314/ejhd.v22i2.10069

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…CRM prevalence 1.1% in this study was comparable with 1.2% in Addis Ababa [ 31 ] and 0.6% prevalence according to a study conducted in low and middle income countries [ 16 ]. But the current finding is lower than 2.5% reported in India [ 16 ], 5.9% in Tikur Anbesa Hospital [ 26 ], and 6.9% in Brazil [ 30 ].…”

Section: Main Textcontrasting

confidence: 73%

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Spectrum of opportunistic infections and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in the era of highly active anti-retroviral treatment in Dawro Zone hospital: a retrospective study

et al. 2018

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ObjectivesThe study aims to elucidate the spectrum, magnitude and determining factors of the major opportunistic infections in PLHIV patients currently receiving HAART.ResultsA retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Tercha Hospital from 744 patient cards. The overall all prevalence of opportunistic infection was 658 (88.4%) developed OIs. Pulmonary tuberculosis, 118 (18%), severe community acquired pneumonia 107 (16.3%) and oral candidiasis 103 (15.6%) were the most common opportunistic infections. Disease stage [AOR = 3.22:95% CI 1.76–5.66], CD4 level [AOR = 2.53:95% CI 1.19–5.37], drug adherence [AOR = 3.02:95% CI 1.57–5.77] and hemoglobin [AOR = 2.49:95% CI 1.34–4.62] showed significant association with OIs. Higher magnitude of opportunistic infection with considerable proportion of AIDS defining illness was detected. So empowerment of skilled man power, health education and provision of antimicrobials is mandatory.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3707-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Main Textcontrasting

confidence: 73%

“…In the contrary, it is the most common OI in Cambodia [ 24 ], and it is the second (5%) most common cause in Gondar [ 15 ]. Much higher, 7% in India [ 25 ] and 32%, Addis Ababa [ 26 ] and 21.6% Jimma [ 27 ] were also detected.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum of opportunistic infections and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in the era of highly active anti-retroviral treatment in Dawro Zone hospital: a retrospective study

et al. 2018

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“…The prolonged course of HIV infection predisposes these patients to recurrent episodes of OPC that can increase in frequency and severity with progressive HIV disease [5]. Today although, the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically reduced the incidence of opportunistic infections among HIV-positive people who have received the drugs, OPC with a shift in the spectrum of Candida species remains the most frequent HIV-associated oral lesion in most developing countries, including Ethiopia [2,5], where access to HAART is still limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequent detection of ‘azole’ resistant Candida species among late presenting AIDS patients in northwest Ethiopia

et al. 2013

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BackgroundThe chronic use of antifungal agents in the treatment of fungal infection in general and oropharyngeal candidiasis mainly in AIDS patient’s leads to the selection of strain resistant to these therapies and a shift in the spectrum of Candida species. This study determines the species diversity and in vitro susceptibility of Candida isolates from late presenting AIDS patients in northwest Ethiopia.MethodsTwo hundred and twenty one HIV/AIDS patients were assessed with a standardized evaluation form at enrolment. Oral rinses were cultured on CHROMagar plates at 37°C for 48 hours and Candida species identification were made following standard microbiological techniques. In vitro drug susceptibility tests were made using broth microdilution method.ResultsThe colonization rate of Candida species was found to be 82.3% (177/215). C. albicans was the predominant species isolated from 139 (81%) patients but there was a diversity of other species. C. glabrata was the most frequent non-albicans species isolated in 22.5% (40/177) of the patients followed by C. tropicalis 14.1% (27/177), C. krusei 5.6% (10) and other unidentifiable Candida species 4% (7/177). Recurrent episodes of oropharyngeal candidiasis and previous exposure to antifungal drugs were found to be predisposing factors for colonization by non-albicans species. Irrespective of the Candida species identified 12.2% (11/90), 7.7% (7/90) and 4.7% (4) of the isolates were resistant to fluconazole, ketoconazole and itraconazole, respectively. In contrast, resistance to micafungin, amphotericin B and 5-Fluorocytosine was infrequent.ConclusionHIV/AIDS patients are orally colonized by single or multiple albicans and non- albicans Candida species that are frequently resistant to azoles and occasionally to amphotericin B, 5-Fluorocytosine and micafungin. These highlight the need for national surveillance for examining Candida epidemiology and resistance to antifungal drugs.

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“…The CD4 count was found to be significantly associated with oral lesions in various other studies. [ 8 9 15 16 17 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Oral Lesions and Its Associated Risk Factors Among PLHIV Availing Anti-Retroviral Therapy from a Selected Tertiary Care Hospital, Puducherry - A Cross Sectional Analytical Study

Jana

Sahu

Sivaranjini

et al. 2022

Indian Journal of Community Medicine

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Background and Objectives: Oral lesions are among the earliest and most important indicators of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The presence of oral lesions has a significant impact on the physical and mental health of the PLHIV. Hence, a novel attempt is made to assess the prevalence of various types of oral lesions among the adult people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) undergoing antiretroviral therapy. Methodology: In this facility-based cross-sectional study, a total of 239 out of 300 eligible PLHIV were assessed between September and October 2018. All consecutive eligible patients encountered during the data collection period were included. Oral examination was carried out using disposable mouth mirrors, sterile piece of cotton, and bright illuminated torch. Results: The prevalence of oral mucosal abnormalities was found to be 25% (95% confidence interval: 20.03–30.97). The most prevalent oral lesions were acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, acute necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis, and candidiasis. CD4 count <200 cells/mm 3 , current tobacco use, and alcohol usage were significantly associated with the prevalence of oral lesions. Conclusion and Recommendations: The study revealed that one-fourth of the study participants had oral lesions. Strategies for early detection and prompt treatment of oral lesions need to be planned and incorporated in the program to reduce the morbidity due to oral lesions.

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Assessment of risk behaviours and factors associated with oral and peri-oral lesions in adult HIV patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Spectrum of opportunistic infections and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in the era of highly active anti-retroviral treatment in Dawro Zone hospital: a retrospective study

Spectrum of opportunistic infections and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in the era of highly active anti-retroviral treatment in Dawro Zone hospital: a retrospective study

Frequent detection of ‘azole’ resistant Candida species among late presenting AIDS patients in northwest Ethiopia

Prevalence of Oral Lesions and Its Associated Risk Factors Among PLHIV Availing Anti-Retroviral Therapy from a Selected Tertiary Care Hospital, Puducherry - A Cross Sectional Analytical Study

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