Assessment of seismic sources and capable faults through hierarchic tectonic criteria: implications for seismic hazard in the Levant

Sharon, Matty; Sagy, Amir; Kurzon, Ittai; Marco, Shmuel; Rosensaft, Marcelo

doi:10.5194/nhess-20-125-2020

Cited by 40 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Many interviewees described that the ultra-Orthodox education system is characterized by insularity, forbidding entry to military personnel to deliver emergency training and sometimes disallowing the distribution of information pamphlets written by state officials. This finding is worrying considering the key role of education in improving preparedness in many other countries (Baytiyeh, 2017;Lucini, 2014;Smawfield, 2013;Yari et al, 2019). However, some participants insisted that the state authorities should define clear and binding requirements for the ultra-Orthodox educational institutions and provide them with appropriate pedagogical materials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, Audru et al (2013) illuminated the need to anchor campaign efforts in local culture and religion, using the local language and knowledge, and by developing educational techniques tailored to the needs of specific groups. Preventative training activities and information campaigns in the education system are some of the most common and effective strategies in disaster risk mitigation (Lucini, 2014;Smawfield, 2013). Finally, decentralizing disaster risk reduction policies and measures, thereby increasing the role of local government in decision-making, is also effective in improving preparedness (Grady et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Earthquake preparedness among religious minority groups: the case of the Jewish ultra-Orthodox society in Israel

Orr

Erblich

Unger

et al. 2021

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. To work effectively, emergency management systems that deal with earthquake threats must consider the needs of religious minority groups. Studies regarding earthquake preparedness among marginalized social–cultural groups can highlight ways to improve it. Recently, some research has focused on the effect of religion on earthquake preparedness. However, very few studies have connected the two and examined earthquake preparedness among religious groups that are also a social–cultural minority in relation to the authorities. This study examines the effects of religious beliefs and customs on earthquake preparedness among the Jewish ultra-Orthodox community in Israel, a significant religious minority with unique social, cultural, and economic characteristics. Data were obtained using mixed methods including a survey, in-depth interviews, and focus groups. Results demonstrated that the majority of the community had a low level of hazard knowledge and a high level of disbelief that a devastating earthquake would occur in their area in the near future. This is despite a long-documented history of earthquakes that devastated the Levant and, in particular, dwelling locations for this community. Low exposure to media, insularity of educational institutions, and suspicion toward state authorities were shown to hinder preparedness, while strong social capital improved it. This research is unique for it studies a religious group that is also a cultural minority, which, therefore, requires special adaptations. Some of the recommended adaptations include receiving support from religious leaders, publishing preparation guidelines in proper settings, working with civilian organizations that are seen as legitimate by the religious communities, and adapting technologies and information to be religiously appropriate. To conclude, this research offers a perspective on the complex reality of hazard preparedness in a religiously diverse country. The conclusions are applicable to other countries and natural hazards.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earthquake preparedness among religious minority groups: the case of the Jewish ultra-Orthodox society in Israel

Orr

Erblich

Unger

et al. 2021

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The west coast of the Sea of Galilee is crosscut by a series of mostly east dipping normal faults (Figure 1c; Sneh, 2008; Sneh & Weinberger, 2014; Sagy et al, 2016; Sharon et al, 2020). North of Tiberias, these faults bend westward and assume an E‐W trending (Figures 1b and 1c).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Structural framework of the Tiberias area; (a) plate tectonic setting of the Dead Sea Fault (DSF), the gray box locates the area shown in (b), between the Sea of Galilee (SOG) and the Dead Sea (DS); (b) Quaternary faults in the central part of the DSF, modified after Sneh and Weinberger (2014), Sagy et al (2016), Hamiel et al (2016), and Sharon et al (2018, 2020); the red rectangle is the area enlarged in (c); JVWB: Jordan Valley Western Boundary Fault, JVF: Jordan Valley Fault, G: Gilboa Fault; (c) simplified geologic map (after Bogoch & Sneh, 2008; Sneh, 2008), epicenters of Mw > 4.0 events since 1970 (data from http://seis.gii.co.il/en/earthquake/searchEQSRslt.php).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mid‐eighth Century CE Surface Faulting Along the Dead Sea Fault at Tiberias (Sea of Galilee, Israel)

et al. 2020

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The Dead Sea Fault (DSF) is a plate-boundary where large earthquakes are expected, but there is a lack of such events in the instrumental era. Sequences of earthquakes along the DSF are documented by historical evidence, one of the most devastating occurred in the mid-eighth century CE. Here we describe site-specific archaeoseismological observations at the ancient Tiberias city, on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee. We map Roman and Byzantine relics faulted in the mid-eighth century CE by a pure normal fault. We use geophysical, geomorphological, and structural analyses integrated with published data, to assess the seismic hazard of the Jordan Valley Western Boundary Fault (JVWB). We propose that the normal JVWB can rupture the surface along its~45 km trace running from Tiberias toward the S crossing Bet Shean, Tel Rehov, and Tel Teomim. The JVWB, parallel to the main strike-slip Jordan Valley Fault segment, might be regarded as a major earthquake source in this region. We test the hypotheses of both single fault and multifaults rupture scenarios, which result in an expected range of Mw from 6.9 (single rupture of the JVWB) to 7.6 (multiple rupture of the JVWB and Jordan Valley Fault). Our results suggest that seismic source characterization in the Sea of Galilee region must include normal faults capable of surface rupturing, despite the absence of such events in the instrumental catalogue.

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“…I estimate the uncertainties associated with measuring and interpreting the near-surface V S profile in challenging Figure 1. Location map with the main active faults of the area (faults modified after Hamiel et al, 2018;Hofstetter et al, 1996;Kagan et al, 2011;Sharon et al, 2020). environments, where random or continuous sources of noise dominate the wave field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shear-wave velocity measurements and their uncertainties at six industrial sites

Darvasi

2021

Earthquake Spectra

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This study assesses the variability of shear-wave ( VS) profile determinations for a suite of methods at six industrial sites. The methods include active, consisting of multi-channel analysis of surface waves (MASW), as well as passive, consisting of refraction microtremor (ReMi), and extended spatial autocorrelation (ESAC). The purpose is to ascertain the effect of the higher level of ambient noise on the results from the different methods, as only a few of these many methods are commonly used for site characterization. The measured dispersion curves are in fair agreement with one another. The average coefficient of variation (CoV; the percentage ratio of the standard deviation to the mean) for the dispersion curves varied from 2.5% to 12.6%. In contrast, over the VS-depth domain, the average shear-wave velocity profiles to a depth z ( VS,Z) vary from 11.6% to 16.5% between the various methods at the different sites. This indicates that the variance among the individual methods can lead to significant misinterpretation of the shallow subsurface, while the average VS,Z is much more robust. This reaffirms its use (mainly as VS,30) in building codes and within ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs). At all six sites, because of inversion processes, the variability within each method ranges from 4% up to 14%. There is no correlation between the test type and the CoV. Our study focused on surface-wave measurements in noisy industrial environments, where the signals processed are typically complex. Despite this complexity, our results suggest that such tests are also applicable to industrial zones, where the noisy environment constitutes an energy source.

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Assessment of seismic sources and capable faults through hierarchic tectonic criteria: implications for seismic hazard in the Levant

Cited by 40 publications

References 92 publications

Earthquake preparedness among religious minority groups: the case of the Jewish ultra-Orthodox society in Israel

Earthquake preparedness among religious minority groups: the case of the Jewish ultra-Orthodox society in Israel

The Mid‐eighth Century CE Surface Faulting Along the Dead Sea Fault at Tiberias (Sea of Galilee, Israel)

Shear-wave velocity measurements and their uncertainties at six industrial sites

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