Assessment of shipping emission factors through monitoring and modelling studies

Ekmekçioğlu, Araks; Kuzu, S. Levent; Ünlügençoğlu, Kaan; Çelebi, Uğur

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140742

Cited by 42 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Considering that Iskenderun Port has 2700 ship calls, it is obvious that the emission amounts changes. The results occur in accordance with the number of ship calls [39].…”

Section: Annual Emission Estimations For Shipssupporting

confidence: 81%

Assessment of ship emissions through cold ironing method for Iskenderun Port of Turkey

Kılıç

Yolcu²,

Kiliç

et al. 2020

Environmental Research and Technology

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Ships are significant emissions sources, especially in port areas. Besides other emission sources, they have remarkable air pollution impacts on residential areas near ports. It is well known that these emissions have deleterious impacts on both human health, and ecosystems. The biggest ports are generally located near highly populated cities. Therefore, emissions occurred due to shipping activities in ports have a significant importance. This study examines shipping emissions at berth by using data of ships calling in Iskenderun Port in 2013 and compares the environmental performance of using shore side electricity. The study also investigates the external costs associated with the impacts of emissions on climate change, air quality, and human health. According to the results, utilization of shore side electricity instead of auxiliary engines in ports provide significant benefits on environmental and economic issues. In case of Iskenderun Port, it is concluded that shore side electricity eliminates approximately $ 23 million of external costs per year.

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“…Considering that Iskenderun Port has 2700 ship calls, it is obvious that the emission amounts changes. The results occur in accordance with the number of ship calls [39].…”

Section: Annual Emission Estimations For Shipssupporting

confidence: 81%

Assessment of ship emissions through cold ironing method for Iskenderun Port of Turkey

Kılıç

Yolcu²,

Kiliç

et al. 2020

Environmental Research and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In a study by Mersin et al, (2019) CO2 emission and reducing methods in maritime transportation were investigated. In a study by Ekmekçioğlu et al, (2020), shipping emission factors were evaluated by using AERMOD model. In another study by Güzel and Alp, (2020), greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector in Istanbul by 2050 were examined by using TIMES model.…”

Section: The Role Of International Maritime Traffic On Pm10 Pollutant...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of International Maritime Traffic on PM10 Pollutant in the Strait of Istanbul (Bosphorus)

Kodak

2022

International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics

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As for present, over 90 percent of world trade is carried out via seas by 90,000 vessels. Like all modes of transportation that use fossil fuels, ship emissions significantly contribute to global climate change and acidification. In this aspect, the shipping industry is responsible for a significant proportion of the global climate change. According to data of International Maritime Organization (IMO), more than 3% of global carbon dioxide emissions can be attributed to ocean-going ships. Furthermore, in European coastal areas, shipping emissions contribute to 1-7% of ambient air PM10 levels, 1-14% of PM2.5, and at least 11% of PM1. Strait of Istanbul is the unique waterway between Black Sea countries and the rest of the world. As a result of intensive international maritime traffic through the strait and approaches, it is a serious emission factor for the city. Studies have shown that ship emissions cause 4500 deaths per year in the Marmara region. In this study, it is discussed whether international maritime traffic is an effective factor on PM10 emissions by comparing number of passing ships from the Strait of Istanbul and PM10 values. For this purpose, PM10 averages obtained from four different meteorological stations in the region have been compared with the monthly number of ships pass through the strait between 2014 and 2018. Obtained results have examined with descriptive statistics and exploratory data analysis.

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“…Tichavska et al (2015) obtained Parameter information such as ship speed and position, main engine power, auxiliary power, and emission factors are needed when establishing an emission list. Among them, the static and dynamic information of the ship can be obtained directly using AIS data and other channels, whereas the emission factor can only be determined by measurement, thus the accuracy of the measurement directly determines the accuracy of the emission list (Ekmekçioğlu et al, 2020;Yang et al, 2021;Toscano et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High accuracy calculation and data quality evaluation of ship emissions based on the sniffer method

Zhu

Zhou

2022

Preprint

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Abstract. More attention has been paid to the air pollution caused by ship emissions; hence the establishment of accurate emission inventories is an important means to assess the impact on the environment and human beings. The emission factor is an important parameter in the process of compiling the ship emission inventory, yet there is some uncertainty in its estimation based on the sniffer method. In this study, taking the calculation of SO2 emission factors as an example and aiming at the selection of gas measurement values using the sniffer method, the concept of standard deviation of peak density was proposed to determine the optimal integral interval length of the measured values of SO2 and CO2. Then, the improved Manhattan distance was used to characterize the position of the peak points in the SO2 and CO2 average series. Using the dynamic time warping algorithm, the corresponding relationship of the peak points in the average series of the measured gases was determined, and the global optimal peak points were selected from it. To evaluate the credibility of calculated emission factors, 16 evaluation indexes that reflect the characteristics of the measured data were selected. The confidence interval of 95 % of each evaluation index was calculated using self-development sampling of the measured data, and the evaluation result of the evaluation index for the quality of the measured data was obtained. Combined with the data quality label, the indexes with high correct rate were screened. Finally, the evaluation scores were determined according to these selected indexes. We collected a total of 148 sets of "SO2+CO2" measurement data between 2019 and 2021 using the unmanned aerial vehicle sniffing monitoring system in the Waigaoqiao Port area of Shanghai, China for verification using the method proposed in this study. The results show that for this data set, 12 s is the most suitable integral length, with which the algorithm can automatically calculate the emission factor. The screening results of the global optimal peak points of 129 groups of data are consistent with those of artificial screening, with a correct rate of 87.16 %. The accuracy of the combined evaluation of sample entropy (SO2), information entropy (SO2), skewness (CO2) and quartile spacing (SO2) is 71 %. Previous calculation of the emission factor of ships mainly focused on different conditions such as time, region, fuel, engine, ship type, and navigation status. Our in-depth study proposes a high accuracy ship emission factors calculation method and an evaluation of the quality of the measurement data that reduces uncertainty in the current sniffer technique monitoring ship emission research.

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Assessment of shipping emission factors through monitoring and modelling studies

Cited by 42 publications

References 22 publications

Assessment of ship emissions through cold ironing method for Iskenderun Port of Turkey

Assessment of ship emissions through cold ironing method for Iskenderun Port of Turkey

The Role of International Maritime Traffic on PM10 Pollutant in the Strait of Istanbul (Bosphorus)

High accuracy calculation and data quality evaluation of ship emissions based on the sniffer method

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