Assessment of SMP fouling by foulant–membrane interaction energy analysis

Chemical cleaning protocols for thin film composite (TFC) polyamide forward osmosis membranes used for municipal wastewater treatment

“…Another reason might be due to the more drastic concentrative internal concentration polarization (ICP) at the membrane interface in the support layer caused by the concentrated feed solute coupled rapid permeation of NaCl from draw solution of TFC membranes. The higher ionic strength in wastewater in this study caused by ICP elevated the fouling potential in the support layer of TFC membranes similar to membrane fouling of microfiltration and ultrafiltration processes [32,33]. The detailed contribution of abovementioned factors [34][35][36] to the water flux decrease at high draw solution concentrations needs further investigating.…”

“…However, under higher draw solution concentration (larger than 2.0 mol/L) or use of AL-DS orientation, the specific solute fluxes for TFC membranes were always larger than those for CTA membranes. This may be related to the dramatic decrease of water fluxes for TFC membranes induced by solute-solvent coupling [31], serious ICP and elevated fouling potential [32] induced by the presence of abundant salts in wastewater, in particular in the AL-DS orientation. However, there was no proportional decrease of solute fluxes since the concentration gradient was still high.…”

Effect of dense CO2 on polymeric reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes and permeation of mixtures of macauba oil (Acrocomia aculeata) and CO2

“…Also, for these membranes, only slight differences between the membranes exposed to subcritical and supercritical CO 2 could be detected. All the membranes presented higher γ d value, which means that the membranes studied presented apolar properties [30]. The polar component (γ p ) showed great reductions, mainly for reverse osmosis membranes.…”

Effects of surface charge on interfacial interactions related to membrane fouling in a submerged membrane bioreactor based on thermodynamic analysis

“…Foulant adhesion in MBRs is a complicated process which depends on both of bioreactor hydrodynamic and thermodynamic conditions regarding foulants and membrane [3]. It is generally believed that hydrodynamic conditions take roles of bringing foulants to the vicinity of membrane surface, whereas, thermodynamic conditions indicated by interfacial interactions between foulants and membrane directly determined the eventually binding the foulants to membrane surface [11,12]. Surface charge is one of the primary surface parameters of a substance, and no doubt plays important roles in the interfacial interactions and membrane fouling in MBRs.…”

“…The interfacial interactions consist of three types of interactions: Lifshitz-van der Waals (LW), acid-base (AB), and electrostatic double layer (EL) interaction which surface charge is pertained to. A lot of studies have evidenced the feasibility of XDLVO in predicting and interpreting some membrane fouling phenomena in MBRs [11,12,19]. Therefore, XDLVO theory may provide a useful tool to explore the exact roles of surface charge in membrane fouling, and explain the conflicting conclusions in literature as well.…”