Assessment of soy‐based imports into the United States and associated foreign animal disease status

Blomme, Allison K.; Jones, Cassandra K; Gebhardt, Jordan T; Woodworth, J. C.; Paulk, Chad B.

doi:10.1111/tbed.14284

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Blomme et al. ( 2022 ) looked specifically at soy ingredients imported into the United States from foreign animal disease positive countries beyond the ASFV positive countries mentioned in this study. While Schambow et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a gateway program for importing non‐animal origin ingredients from regions with African swine fever virus

Harrison

Gebhardt

Paulk

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) categorizes the risk of African swine fever virus (ASFV) entry into the United States through non-animal origin feed ingredients as 'negligible to moderate, with high uncertainty' . Both Canada and Australia have implemented policies that are suggested to reduce the risk of ASFV entry through feed ingredients, but the United States has not because of scientific limitations that have been addressed by recent publications. As regulators and industry consider a potential pathway forward, the objective of this manuscript is to describe a process to determine if a voluntary or regulatory import policy is warranted by the United States. Initially, the volume and types of non-animal origin feed ingredients imported from countries with ASFV were quantified and assigned a level of risk (high risk: unprocessed grains and oilseeds, moderate risk: soybean co-products (meals, oil, and oilcake), and low risk: amino acids, vitamins, and other synthetically produced products from countries that have ASFV). In 2020, moderate-and high-risk ingredients from ASFV-positive countries represented 3.1% of all ingredients imported into the United States. Policies from Canada and Australia were evaluated for practicality of implementation by US government officials. Industry representatives from both countries consistently stated their policies would not be feasible in the United States due to the differences in cost and complexity of the swine and feed industries. Overall, unprocessed, or high-risk, ingredients from ASFV-positive countries represent a low percentage of imported ingredients into the United States; however, cautionary procedures may still be warranted given industry demand.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a gateway program for importing non‐animal origin ingredients from regions with African swine fever virus

Harrison

Gebhardt

Paulk

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While great effort is being applied by the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and US Customs and Border Protection to detect the importation of ASFV via smuggled meat and contaminated food products from ships and planes, 14,15 a recently identified risk factor is the importation of soy-based products from ASFV-positive countries. [16][17][18] The basis of this concern is that ingredients such as soybean meal and soy oil cake have been demonstrated to be highly protective for many viruses of veterinary significance, such as ASFV, footand-mouth disease virus, classical swine fever virus, Senecavirus A, PRRSV, and pseudorabies virus. [19][20][21][22] Over the period of January 2019 to July 2022, 6.39 million metric tons of soy products entered the US, with approximately 99.3% (6.33 million metric tons) originating from 4 of 23 ASFV-positive countries: Russia, China, Ukraine, and India (Table 1).…”

Section: Question 1: Can We Prevent Asfv Entry To North America?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Will swine veterinarians lead by meeting the next-generation needs of our industry?

Spronk

Havas

Patterson³

et al. 2023

javma

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The US swine industry is currently challenged by the potential of transboundary animal disease (eg, African swine fever) entry to the national herd and the relentless pressures of domestic diseases (eg, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome). The task of the swine veterinarian is to biosecure both the national herd and their customers’ local farms to mitigate these risks. This Viewpoint raises 4 questions that swine veterinarians, including practicing (private and corporate), industry, research, academic, and regulatory (state and federal) veterinarians who spend a portion of their time controlling, treating, preventing, or eradicating diseases of swine, must answer to meet the needs of their farms to compete globally and survive. In addition, it appears that there is sufficient science-based information to move forward in a collaborative manner and that the goals of prevention of African swine fever and elimination of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus are technically possible. Therefore, as previous generations of swine veterinarians led the US industry in the elimination of foot-and-mouth disease virus, classical swine fever virus, and pseudorabies virus from the national herd, the central challenge is whether the next generation of veterinarians will provide the necessary leadership to deal with the current industry and its next-generation challenges.

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“…Indian soymeal is in international demand due to its non-GMO property. Recently, the United States became a major importer of Indian soy products, including soy meal, oilcakes, and organic soybeans, highlighting the diverse and growing demand within the U.S. market [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards food security: Exploring the spatio-temporal dynamics of soybean in India

Prashnani,

Dupare,

Vadrevu

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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India is the world’s largest edible oil importer, and soybean oil accounts for a major portion of those imports, with implications for the Indian economy. Despite being the 4th largest globally in terms of harvested soybean area and 5th largest in terms of production, India is still heavily dependent on imports to meet the vegetable oil requirement for its population. It is therefore imperative to understand the dynamics and trends in India’s soybean production to help the country achieve self-sufficiency in edible oils. This study provides the first spatially explicit analysis of soybean in India, using long-term spatial and temporal statistics at national and subnational levels, using spatial and temporal statistical analysis models to examine the historical trends and its future prospects. Our analysis details the overall soybean expansion across the country and the increase in production but we also note that the annual growth rate has declined in each consecutive decade even though the area continues to expand. The average national yield has been stagnant at around 1 T/Ha but for some of the low-producing districts, a higher yield of more than 3 T/ha is reported. For most major producing districts, soybean yields are below 1.5 T/Ha. The state of Madhya Pradesh which was the major soybean producer is now matched by the state of Maharashtra in terms of production, however, Madhya Pradesh still has the largest area under soybean. We analyzed soybean hotspot expansion in India and found that the mean center of the soybean area and production has shifted approximately 93 km towards the south and 24 km to the west as the crop is rapidly being adopted in the southern and western parts of India expanding the hotspot in these parts. District-level analysis showed that the total number of districts constituting hotspots of soybean cultivation in India has increased from 29 to 42 in three decades. Furthermore, analysis of soybean oil and meal consumption with respect to the national population, import, export, domestic production, GDP per capita, and price of soybean oil and meal suggests that soybean oil and meal are highly correlated with GDP per capita and population, indicating that consumption of soybean oil and meal is likely to increase as GDP per capita increases, and future demand is expected to rise with the anticipated growth in the Indian population. Increased soybean production can play a significant role in increasing national food security for India and reducing dependence on foreign oil imports and also help the economy with soy meal exports. Understanding the spatiotemporal variability in area and yield will help target interventions to increase production. Given the overall low yields with high variability in production, particularly in recent years primarily due to successive extreme rains and droughts in major producing districts and the overall need to increase production to meet the country’s demand, there is a pressing need for government policies and research aimed at narrowing the yield gap and developing soybean varieties that are more productive and resilient to climate change.

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Assessment of soy‐based imports into the United States and associated foreign animal disease status

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Developing a gateway program for importing non‐animal origin ingredients from regions with African swine fever virus

Developing a gateway program for importing non‐animal origin ingredients from regions with African swine fever virus

Will swine veterinarians lead by meeting the next-generation needs of our industry?

Towards food security: Exploring the spatio-temporal dynamics of soybean in India

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