Assessment of stigma among people living with Hansens disease in south-east Nigeria

Ibikunle, Peter Olanrewaju; Nwokeji, Stella Chioma

doi:10.47276/lr.88.1.43

Cited by 19 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The present study reported mean stigma scores (EMIC-CSS) ranging from 11.8 (contacts) to 17.4 (community members), which is above the cut-off score for perceived stigmatisation of 8, as proposed by Sermrittirong and colleagues [ 45 ]. This confirms findings in Indonesia, Brazil, Thailand, Nepal, Nigeria and New Zealand (mean or median EMIC-CSS scores ranging from 12 to 18) [ 14 , 16 , 22 , 25 , 28 , 45 – 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…We expect that ‘local beliefs’ and local explanations play an important role in knowledge and stigma and that these explanations vary by area of residence. Furthermore, some studies have found additional determinants of stigma, such as having seen a leprosy patient [ 21 ], regulations regarding leprosy [ 20 ], exposure to leprosy health promotion messages [ 13 , 19 ], marital status [ 16 , 22 ], economic status [ 24 ], ethnicity [ 14 , 16 , 28 ], distance of residence from the hospital [ 14 ] and migrant status [ 28 ]. We recommend including these variables in future studies, to get a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms behind stigma and knowledge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leprosy perceptions and knowledge in endemic districts in India and Indonesia: Differences and commonalities

et al. 2021

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Background Understanding how knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding leprosy differ in endemic countries can help us develop targeted educational and behavioural change interventions. This study aimed to examine the differences and commonalities in and determinants of knowledge, attitudes, practices and fears regarding leprosy in endemic districts in India and Indonesia. Principle findings A cross-sectional mixed-methods design was used. Persons affected by leprosy, their close contacts, community members and health workers were included. Through interview-administered questionnaires we assessed knowledge, attitudes, practices and fears with the KAP measure, EMIC-CSS and SDS. In addition, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were conducted. The quantitative data were analysed using stepwise multivariate regression. Determinants of knowledge and stigma that were examined included age, gender, participant type, education, occupation, knowing someone affected by leprosy and district. The qualitative data were analysed using open, inductive coding and content analysis. We administered questionnaires to 2344 participants (46% from India, 54% from Indonesia) as an interview. In addition, 110 participants were interviewed in-depth and 60 participants were included in focus group discussions. Knowledge levels were low in both countries: 88% of the participants in India and 90% of the participants in Indonesia had inadequate knowledge of leprosy. In both countries, cause, mode of transmission, early symptoms and contagiousness of leprosy was least known, and treatment and treatability of leprosy was best known. In both countries, health workers had the highest leprosy knowledge levels and community members the highest stigma levels (a mean score of up to 17.4 on the EMIC-CSS and 9.1 on the SDS). Data from the interviews indicated that people were afraid of being infected by leprosy. Local beliefs and misconceptions differed, for instance that leprosy is in the family for seven generations (Indonesia) or that leprosy is a result of karma (India). The determinants of leprosy knowledge and stigma explained 10–29% of the variability in level of knowledge and 3–10% of the variability in level of stigma. Conclusion Our findings show the importance of investigating the perceptions regarding leprosy prior to educational interventions in communities: even though knowledge levels were similar, local beliefs and misconceptions differed per setting. The potential determinants we included in our study explained very little of the variability in level of knowledge and stigma and should be explored further. Detailed knowledge of local knowledge gaps, beliefs and fears can help tailor health education to local circumstances.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leprosy perceptions and knowledge in endemic districts in India and Indonesia: Differences and commonalities

et al. 2021

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“…Standardised tools used in other KAP or stigma studies are the EMIC-CSS 23,24,28,37,41,44,77 and de SDS. 23,37 The EMIC-CSS and SDS are also included in the PST.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Standardised tools used in other KAP or stigma studies are the EMIC-CSS 23,24,28,37,41,44,77 and de SDS. 23,37 The EMIC-CSS and SDS are also included in the PST. Since the EMIC-CSS questions are phrased in a more general way (for example 'would leprosy be a problem for a person to get married?')…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16,17 Perceptions about leprosy, such as knowledge, attitudes and cultural beliefs, play an important role in stigma and early case finding. 14,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] For example, people's knowledge influences their awareness that signs and symptoms are due to leprosy which, if awareness is lacking, hampers early reporting of leprosy. [29][30][31] In addition, community attitudes towards persons affected by leprosy are strongly influenced by local misconceptions, cultural and religious beliefs and fears that may be linked to this.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards a cross-neglected tropical disease perception study toolkit: a prototype toolkit developed in the field of leprosy

Noordende

Brakel

2021

LEPROSY

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Objectives: A negative perception of leprosy and other neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) is a problem that is seen globally. It results in discrimination, social exclusion and widespread mental health problems. There is a need for a standardised toolkit to assess the different aspects of perception of leprosy or other NTDs, including essential knowledge of these conditions. Methods: We developed the Perception Study Toolkit (PST). This toolkit consists of four measures, a Communication Needs Assessment questionnaire, Knowledge Attitudes and Practices questionnaire, the EMIC community stigma scale and the Social Distance Scale. It also comprises qualitative methods to investigate perception: the way people see leprosy, what they know about leprosy and their attitudes, beliefs and reported behaviour towards persons affected by leprosy. The PST is a toolkit and comprises separate instruments that assess different aspects of perception, it is also possible to use only one or a few of the instruments of the PST. Results: This is not applicable because this is not a study. Conclusions: The PST can help identify specific beliefs, knowledge gaps, misconceptions and fears to inform community education and behaviour change interventions and can be used to monitor and evaluate such interventions. Using a standard toolkit like the PST would enable assessment of the perception of leprosy or other NTDs that would allow comparison across projects and countries including monitoring of changes over time.

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A critical comparative ethnographic study of courtesy stigma in two leprosy-impacted communities in Indonesia

Romadhon

2020

Global Public Health

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Assessment of stigma among people living with Hansens disease in south-east Nigeria

Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

Leprosy perceptions and knowledge in endemic districts in India and Indonesia: Differences and commonalities

Leprosy perceptions and knowledge in endemic districts in India and Indonesia: Differences and commonalities

Towards a cross-neglected tropical disease perception study toolkit: a prototype toolkit developed in the field of leprosy

A critical comparative ethnographic study of courtesy stigma in two leprosy-impacted communities in Indonesia

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