Assessment of the anti-anemic effect of aqueous extract of Allium eriophyllum Boiss leaf in phenylhydrazine-treated Wistar male rats

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The therapeutic properties of tin nanoparticles have been proved in recent years. One of their probable effects is anti‐anemia. In this study, tin nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized in aqueous medium using Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam leaf aqueous extract as the reducing and stabilizing agent. We also assessed the antihemolytic anemia potential of tin nanoparticles (SnNPs) in an animal model of hemolytic anemia. Tin nanoparticles were characterized using many techniques including Fourier transform‐infrared and UV‐visible spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry, and field emission‐scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM). FE‐SEM images showed a uniform spherical morphology in size of 18.12 nm for the green synthesized nanoparticles. According to XRD analysis, SnNPs crystal size was17.94 nm. SnNPs had low cell viability dose‐dependently against human umbilical vein endothelial cell line. in vivo design, induction of hemolytic anemia was done by phenylhydrazine in 40 mice. Tin nanoparticles significantly (p ≤ 0.01) reduced the weight and volume of liver and spleen and the concentration of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and increased the body weight, anti‐inflammatory cytokines concentration, total platelet, WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, monocyte, and basophil counts, and red blood cell parameters compared to the untreated mice. For the biochemical parameters, SnNPs significantly (p ≤ 0.01) increased the concentrations of GPx, CAT, and SOD in serum, liver, and spleen and decreased the concentration of GR in serum, liver, and spleen, and also erythropoietin, ferritin, and ferrous in serum as compared to the anemic mice. The 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl test showed similar antioxidant activities for SnNPs and butylated hydroxytoluene. The results demonstrate the excellent antihemolytic anemia, hematoprotective, cytotoxicity, and antioxidant potentials of SnNPs compared to other experimental groups.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characterization and anti‐hemolytic anemia potentials of tin nanoparticles synthesized by a green approach for bioremediation applications

Ahmeda

Mahdavi

Zaker

et al. 2020

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“…Previous studies showed that the levels of Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, and MCHC decreased to 8 g/dl, 29%, 49 fl, 18 pg, and 20 g/dl, respectively. The number of WBCs and platelets decreased in the phenylhydrazine‐treated group . Allium eriophyllum and AuNPs ameliorated significantly ( p ≤ 0.01) the hematological parameters, so that they could significantly ( p ≤ 0.01) reduce the number of nRBCs and enhance the number of WBCs, lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, RBCs, platelets, and other RBC parameters, including Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, and MCHC, compared to the untreated group.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Similarly, this study revealed that an aqueous extract of the leaves of A. eriophyllum at doses 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg, especially at 160 mg/kg, had excellent anti‐hemolytic anemia property against phenylhydrazine. The previous study showed that A. eriophyllum ameliorated the aforementioned hematological parameters and was introduced as a hematoprotective supplement …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the end of day 16 of the treatment, the mice were anesthetized, and blood samples were drawn immediately from their heart. Also, the liver and spleen of the mice were harvested to analyze the biochemical and stereological factors …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentration of immunological (pro‐inflammatory [IL1, IL6, IL12, IL18, IFNY, and TNF α ] and anti‐inflammatory [IL4, IL5, IL10, IL13, and IFN α ] cytokines) and biochemical (alkaline phosphatase [ALP], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], gamma‐glutamyl transferase [GGT], cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein [LDL], high‐density lipoprotein [HDL], triglyceride, total protein, albumin, total and conjugated bilirubin, urea, creatinine, ferrous, ferritin, and erythropoietin) compounds in the serum were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and determined using diagnostic kits (Ziest Chem Diagnostics, United States of America‐New York) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The volume of antioxidant enzymes in the serum, spleen, and liver of each group of mice was evaluated by determining the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) using ELISA and determined using diagnostic kits (Ziest Chem Diagnostics) according to the manufacturer's instructions …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of natural compounds–based gold nanoparticles for the treatment of hemolytic anemia in an anemic mouse model: Formulation of a novel drug from relationship between the nanotechnology and hematology sciences

Goorani

Koohi

Morovvati

et al. 2020

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From time immemorial, people have tried to treat several diseases using natural compounds, including plants. Recently, researchers proposed that plants and herbal nanoparticles possess many remedial potentials. The results of this study confirmed the ability of an aqueous extract of Allium eriophyllum Boiss leaf grown under in vitro conditions for the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and also revealed the anti‐hemolytic anemia activity of AuNPs in an anemic rodent model. These nanoparticles were characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM and FE‐SEM images showed the biosynthesized nanoparticles as having a uniform spherical morphology and diameters in the range of 5–30 nm. In vivo design, the induction of hemolytic anemia, was done using phenylhydrazine in 40 mice. Then, the mice were randomly divided into five groups: HAuCl4, A. eriophyllum, AuNPs, untreated, and control. AuNPs significantly (p ≤ 0.01) decreased the concentration of glucocorticoid receptors in the serum, liver, and spleen, and also alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma‐glutamyl transferase, total and conjugated bilirubin, cholesterol, triglyceride, low‐density lipoprotein, urea, creatinine, ferrous, ferritin, and erythropoietin in the serum increased the concentrations of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the serum, liver, and spleen and also total protein, high‐density lipoprotein, and albumin in serum in the control mice as compared to the anemic mice. Also, AuNPs significantly (p ≤ 0.01) increased the body weight; anti‐inflammatory cytokine (IL4, IL5, IL10, IL13, and IFNα) concentration; and the total platelet, white blood cells, lymphocyte, neutrophil, monocyte, eosinophil, and basophil counts and red blood cell parameters but decreased the weight and volume of the liver and spleen and their subcompartments and decreased the concentration of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL1, IL6, IL12, IL18, IFNY, and TNFα) compared to the untreated mice. In vitro design, using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl test, revealed similar antioxidant potentials for A. eriophyllum, AuNPs, and butylated hydroxytoluene. In addition, AuNPs were similar to A. eriophyllum and had a high cell viability dose dependently against the human umbilical vein endothelial cell line. In conclusion, the results of the chemical characterization confirm that the leaves of A. eriophyllum can be used to produce AuNPs with a remarkable amount of anti‐hemolytic anemia property.

Biosynthesis of zinc nanoparticles using Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch leaf extract; Chemical characterization and analysis of their cytotoxicity, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and cutaneous wound healing properties

Zhang

Liu

Ahmeda

et al. 2020

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The extract of Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch leaf was found to be an effective reagent for green synthesis and functionalization of zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs@AS) from 1 mM zinc acetate solution. These nanoparticles were characterized by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. FT-IR results offered polysaccharides and protein in A. saralicum were the sources of reducing power, reducing zinc ions to ZnNPs@AS. In XRD analysis, the crystal size of zinc nanoparticles was 19.7 nm. TEM and FE-SEM images indicated the average diameter of 19 nm for the zinc nanoparticles. For investigating the antimicrobial properties of Zn (NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O, A. saralicum, and ZnNPs@AS, we used the macro-broth dilation test. Also, MIC, MBC, and MFC of Zn (NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O, A. saralicum, and ZnNPs@AS were gained to indicate the exact antimicrobial potentials of them. ZnNPs@AS indicated higher antifungal and antibacterial effects than all standard antibiotics (p ≤ 0.01). The MIC of ZnNPs@AS were 2-4 and 2-8 mg/mL against fungi and bacteria, respectively. But, MBC and MFC of ZnNPs@AS were 4-8 mg/mL against all fungi and bacteria tested. To survey the cutaneous wound healing effects of Zn (NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O, A. saralicum, and ZnNPs@AS, the 0.2% ointments were formulated and compared with the control and untreated groups. The use of ZnNPs@AS ointment significantly (p ≤ 0.01) raised the wound contracture, vessel, hydroxyl proline, hexuronic acid, hexosamine, fibrocyte, fibroblast, and fibrocytes/fibroblast rate and significantly (p ≤ 0.01) decreased the wound area, total cells, neutrophil, macrophage, and lymphocyte compared to other groups in rats. According to the above findings, ZnNPs@AS may be consumed for the treatment of cutaneous wounds and infectious diseases in humans.Chunnan Zhang and Jiayu Liu are co-first authors.