Assessment of the Biodegradability of Dialkyldimethylammonium Salts in Flow Through Systems

Abstract

A bacterium capable of utilizing the alkyl chains of didecyldimethylammonium salt was isolated from activated sludge. In addition, the isolate also utilized didodecyldimethylammonium salt, ditetradecyldimethylammonium salt and alkyltrimethylammonium salts (C10 to C18) as sole source of carbon and energy. The broad substrate with respect to the alkyl chain length was also demonstrated with oxidation rates of various quaternary ammonium salts by didecyldimethylammonium chloride-grown cells. The oxidation rate decreased with increasing alkyl chain lengths. The main factor impeding the biodegradation of dialkyldimethylammonium salts with long alkyl chains is probably the low bioavailability of water-insoluble chemicals. The biodegradability of dialkyldimethylammonium salts was therefore determined in flow-through columns at concentrations below their aqueous solubility. Dialkyldimethylammonium salts adsorbed on silica gel particles packed in flow-through columns were immediately metabolized by the isolate when dissolved. Microorganisms present in river water pumped through a sterile column degraded dissolved dicocodimethylammonium salts within a week.

Sorbent-modified biodegradation studies of the biocidal cationic surfactant cetylpyridinium chloride

“…However, in our recent study there were indications that higher adsorbent doses limited bioaccessibility, reducing biodegradation efficiency (Timmer et al, 2019). This is in agreement with studies suggesting ultimate biodegradability of surfactants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is determined by desorption rates (Van Ginkel et al, 2003;Cornelissen et al, 1998). In the current study, we aimed to further elucidate the balance between toxicity, bioavailability and bioaccessibility using cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC).…”

Assessment of didecyldimethylammonium chloride as a ballast water treatment method

“…Indeed, bacteria using DDAC as sole carbon source have been reported before. [31] After adding 5 μL L −1 DDAC, degradation was either insufficient or even absent. So, to be responsibly used as a ballast water treatment option a neutralization step is required, since it is not allowed by the IMO to discharge toxic ballast water.…”

Sanitary Processing of Milking Equipment Ecologically Safe Products of Sanimol L and Sanimol K

“…Нами розроблено мийно-дезінфікуючі засоби для санітарної обробки доїльно-молочного обладнання: лужний (безхлорний) Санімол Л та кислотний Санімол К. Засіб Санімол Л має такі характеристики: прозора з жовтим відтінком рідина, за хімічним складом -водний розчин суміші катіонних ПАР, лугу, комплексону та інгібітора корозії. Катіонні ПАР, які входять у його склад більше ніж на 90 % біологічно розкладаються (метод OECD) [16,17], що відповідає вимогам ЄС [18]. Засіб Санімол К -прозора безбарвна рідина, містить оцтову та лимонну кислоти.…”