Aim. To analyze the level of the intake of active substances from chemical sanitizing agents into the environment after sanitizing milking equipment at farms of different ownership forms. Methods. The calculation method was used. Results. It was determined that after sanitizing of milking equipment and milk containers with such agents as GALA for dishes, FAIRY juicy lemon, as well as alkaline agents (Chlorantoin, Loiran, Eco chlor, San alkalin, Sulfochlorantin, Catril D, Basix, Hyproclor ED, CircoSuper AF) and acid agents (San acid, Acid XD, Eco cid, Hypracid, CircoSuper SFM) at a milking farm with 1,000 cows and at 800 private farms, within a year the environment would have the intake of chlorine compounds in the amount of 1,529.8 t, anion surface active substances (SAS) – 767.0 t, phosphates – 584.4 t, silicates – 365.0 t, cation SAS – 182.6 t, non-ionogenic SAS – 0.33 t and about 7,026.3 t acids. This may condition the impairment of natural biogeocenoses. Conclusions. The application of such agents as Loiran, Catril D and TDS to sanitize milking equipment and milk containers at milking farms and at private farms decreases the probability of impairing natural biogeocenoses.

The purpose of our work was to study the polymorphism of genes associated with disease resistance and to search for their associations with productive traits in the population of the Ukrainian Large White pigs. For this study, 50 pigs were used, observations and measurements were carried out at the age from birth to 180 days. Genetic studies were carried out in a certified laboratory of the Institute of Pig Breeding and Agroindustrial Production. In the study of fucosyltransferase 1 and solute carrier family 11 member 1 genes, polymorphism was found in three of the five analyzed loci. In the Ukrainian Large White subpopulation of pigs the informativeness of these gene polymorphisms was at the optimal level for associative analysis, Polymorphism Information Content was greater than 0.3 in two loci. A sufficiently high level of Polymorphism Information Content indicates the value of this breed to preserve the biodiversity of pigs. The distribution of genotypes at some loci of the solute carrier family 11 member 1 gene was characterized by a deviation from the theoretically expected one due to the increase in the frequency of the heterozygous genotype. There was also a statistically confirmed deviation of the genotypes’ distribution from the normal and polymorphism fucosyltransferase 1 gene, but in this case in the direction of increasing the frequency of both homozygous variants. These results indicate the presence of a certain selection pressure on the mentioned polymorphisms and their possible impact on productive traits. The influence of solute carrier family 11 member 1 gene polymorphism on the weight of pigs at the age of 120 and 180 days, the average daily gain recorded in the period 28–120 days and from birth to 180 days, as well as on the backfat thickness, was established. The preferred genotype is TT, which can be used in breeding to obtain more productive animals with increased disease resistance, but in the selection of animals at this locus, it is necessary to control the backfat thickness and prevent breeding of pigs that may worsen this trait.

The reproductive performance of sows largely determines the efficiency of the entire pig farming industry. The purpose of our work is the evaluation of polymorphism of the ryanodine receptor gene and its impact on the reproductive traits of sows of the Welsh breed of pigs. For this study, 148 pigs of the Welsh breed were used. The reproductive traits of sows were evaluated in two adjacent generations. We conducted a comprehensive assessment of the reproductive ability of sows using the SIRQS (selection index of reproductive qualities of sows), determined phenotypic consolidation coefficients and assessed the genetic potential of the animals’ productivity. The polymorphism of the RYR1 gene was determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP). Data processing was performed using single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA). Polymorphism of the ryanodine receptor gene in sows of the Welsh pig breed was evaluated. 8.0% of the animals were identified as carriers of the mutant allele of the RYR1 gene. However, no homozygous RYR1-nn animals were found. Pigs of the maternal generation carrying the homozygous NN genotype had better reproductive performance in all indicators. Sows that were carriers of the mutant allele were characterized by lower values of the genetic productivity potential compared with the entire estimated population for all productive traits. Sows which were free of the mutant allele of the RYR1 gene were characterized by large values of the SIRQS index. The values of the coefficients of phenotypic consolidation of the number of live born piglets in sows without the mutant allele were lower than in sows with the mutant allele n. Better performance of sows free of the mutant allele of the RYR1 gene was established over sows carrying it in all evaluated traits of reproductive capacity (for different traits P ranged from 0.021 to 1.0*10–4), except for number of piglets born alive per sow in the daughter generation. Sows with the NN genotype had better selection index values by 15.7% in the maternal generation and by 10.2% in the daughter generation. In order to increase the reproductive ability of sows in the studied population of Welsh pigs and achieve similar results in other herds of this breed, animals free from the mutant allele of the RYR1 gene should be selected for further reproduction in the process of breeding, while on the contrary, carriers of this gene should be gradually eliminated from the herd. To carry out breeding work, further research is needed on the entire population of Welsh pigs for the RYR1 gene.

The article presents the results of studies of the chemical composition and nutritional value of silage prepared from joint sowing of corn with various FAO and sorghum. On average, silage from green mass of corn and sorghum contained less than 1.03 % absolute protein, 0.31 % fat and more than 7.42 % fiber, calculated on the absolutely dry substance. Differences in chemical composition caused the nutritional value reduction of the silage from green mass of corn and sorghumjoint crops an average of 12 variants from 10.38 to 9.23 MJ per 1 kg of dry matter. Corn hybrids with optimal FAO had been identified; its use in joint crops with sorghum will provide silage obtaining which quality is not inferior to corn crops, it will contribute to ensuring a stable forage base for highly productive animal husbandry. At the proper selection of corn hybrid, a reduction in the protein conten, compared to corn silage, almost does not occur. On the best options, the difference in the content of crude protein is only 0.1-0.2 % in terms of absolutely dry substance. Correct selection of corn hybrids allows to reduce the DOE content in experimental silage compared with corn silage from 1.1-1.6 to 0.5-0.7 MJ MJ kg of dry substance. As a result of the studies, on average, in 12 variants, a significant decrease in the digestibility of dry substance (p≤0.01), protein (p≤0.001) and BES (p≤0.05) was found in comparison with corn silage. The difference between the coefficients of digestibility of raw fat and crude fiber was not installed. Silage from corn hybrids with FAO 300 and above and sorghum did not have significant differences in digestibility of dry substance, fiber and BES, with a significant increase (p≤0.05) of fat digestibility compared to silage from analogous corn hybrids.

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