The study aimed to determine the influence of NRAMP1 gene polymorphisms on the pig's productive traits. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples (n=50) from pigs of the Ukrainian Large White breed. Genotyping was performed at NRAMP1 loci at positions 72 and 364 (AvaII) SNP and 176 and 334 (HinfI) SNP, counting from the beginning of the amplified fragment 536 bp. Polymorphism was found at the last two these loci. For NRAMP1HinfI 334 SNP, the frequency of the allele T was 1.9 times as high as that of the allele C. The observed genotype distribution deviated significantly from the expected one for NRAMP1HinfI 334 SNP (χ2 = 10.150; p <0.01). Pigs of the Ukrainian Large White breed showed a rather high NRAMP1HinfI 334 SNP polymorphism (PIC = 0.35). Relationships were found between the Exon2 of the NRAMP1 gene (HinfI 334 SNP) polymorphism and the productive traits of pigs (average daily gains, p <0.05; fat thickness, p <0.01). The TT genotype positively affected the growth rate of the experimental pigs from day 28 to day 120, and their average daily gains were higher by 17.7 grams or 3.2% (p<0.05). At day 180, the body weight of pigs with the TT NRAMP1HinfI 334 SNP genotype was higher by 5.04 kg (p<0.05). At the same time, they had thicker backfat (P<0.01).</td>

The purpose of our work was to study the polymorphism of genes associated with disease resistance and to search for their associations with productive traits in the population of the Ukrainian Large White pigs. For this study, 50 pigs were used, observations and measurements were carried out at the age from birth to 180 days. Genetic studies were carried out in a certified laboratory of the Institute of Pig Breeding and Agroindustrial Production. In the study of fucosyltransferase 1 and solute carrier family 11 member 1 genes, polymorphism was found in three of the five analyzed loci. In the Ukrainian Large White subpopulation of pigs the informativeness of these gene polymorphisms was at the optimal level for associative analysis, Polymorphism Information Content was greater than 0.3 in two loci. A sufficiently high level of Polymorphism Information Content indicates the value of this breed to preserve the biodiversity of pigs. The distribution of genotypes at some loci of the solute carrier family 11 member 1 gene was characterized by a deviation from the theoretically expected one due to the increase in the frequency of the heterozygous genotype. There was also a statistically confirmed deviation of the genotypes’ distribution from the normal and polymorphism fucosyltransferase 1 gene, but in this case in the direction of increasing the frequency of both homozygous variants. These results indicate the presence of a certain selection pressure on the mentioned polymorphisms and their possible impact on productive traits. The influence of solute carrier family 11 member 1 gene polymorphism on the weight of pigs at the age of 120 and 180 days, the average daily gain recorded in the period 28–120 days and from birth to 180 days, as well as on the backfat thickness, was established. The preferred genotype is TT, which can be used in breeding to obtain more productive animals with increased disease resistance, but in the selection of animals at this locus, it is necessary to control the backfat thickness and prevent breeding of pigs that may worsen this trait.

Все більшої актуальності набуває питання селекції тварин, і особливо свиней, за поліморфізмомгенів пов’язаних із природною резистентністю до хвороб. Підвищена увага до даної проблемипояснюється рядом чинників, до яких відносяться широко розповсюджена у промисловомувиробництві продукції свинарства протягом останніх десятиріч практика застосуванняантибіотиків з профілактичною метою та у якості стимуляторів росту, яка спричинила появустійких штамів мікроорганізмів до найбільш поширених антимікробних препаратів. У зв’язку зприйнятими законодавчими обмеженнями використання антибіотиків у країнах з розвиненимтваринництвом, селекційно-генетичні методи підвищення резистентності свиней набули суттєвогозначення. Водночас, переважаюча селекція за однією ознакою (у даному випадку за резистентністю)може призвести до непередбачуваних небажаних побічних наслідків, які бажано виявити, довпровадження такої селекції у практику галузі. Гематологічні та біохімічні показники крові єважливими індикаторами як загального стану здоров’я організму, так і інтенсивності обмінуречовин та великої кількості інших характеристик опосередковано пов’язаних із продуктивністю.Для запобігання появи небажаних наслідків від селекції нами була поставлена мета дати порівняльнухарактеристику гематологічних показників свиней великої білої породи (УВБ-3) в залежності від їхгенотипу за ДНК-маркерами, пов’язаними із резистентністю до інфекційних хвороб свиней. Врезультаті проведених досліджень було встановлено, що генотипи АА (FUT 1) та ТТ (NRAMP1) єбажаними для підвищення резистентності та позитивно впливають на біохімічні показники крові(більший вміст білку, альбумінів, вища активність ферментів Аспартат- та Аланін-амінотрансферази), які в свою чергу, пов’язані із відгодівельною продуктивністю свиней(середньодобові прирости, вік досягнення живої маси 100 кг), проте достовірний вплив генотипубуло встановлено тільки для поліморфізму гену NRAMP1. У досліджуваному поголів’ї великої білоїпороди внутріпородного типу УВБ-3 не було зафіксовано достовірного впливу поліморфізму генівFUT 1 та NRAMP1 на вміст лейкоцитів, еритроцитів та гемоглобіну, що дає можливістьпроводити селекцію за даними генами не погіршуючи при цьому гематологічні показники.

The article highlights the results of research of the growth and development characteristics of pigs with different genotypes of DNA markers of resistance to infectious diseases. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of genes polymorphisms related to disease resistance on the growth and development of pigs and to assess the feasibility of using these markers in selection with the Large White breed. In order to achieve the goal, a number of tasks were solved: typing of SLC11A1 (NRAMP1) and FUT1 genes of the breeding herd of pigs of the inbred type UVB-3 (factory type "Bagachansky"); based on the results of typing, sub-experimental groups were formed and the growth and development of pigs of different genotypes were studied; an assessment of the influence of the specified DNA markers on absolute and relative growth, intensity of formation, tension and uniformity of growth of the experimental stock was carried out; the prospects of selection work based on the investigated DNA markers are determined. Material and methods. The research was carried out on purebred Large White pigs of the farm type "Bagachansky" of the farm "Plehiv-Agro" of the Poltava region. Genetic studies were carried out at the Institute of Pig Breeding and Agro-Industrial Production of the National Academy of Sciences. DNA typing was performed by the PCR-RFLP method. The live weight of experimental animals was determined monthly starting from weaning at 28 days until reaching the age of six months. Based on the results of weighing, average daily gain, absolute and relative growth, as well as indices of formation intensity, tension and uniformity of growth were calculated. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the Genalex 6 and Microsoft Excel 2019 programs. Results and conclusions. It was established that experimental pigs have a sufficiently high level of polymorphism for genetic markers SLC11A1/HinfI 334 C > T and FUT1 SNP g. 307 G > A to carry out an associative analysis. The Polymorphism Information Content index of according to these markers was equal to 0.350 and 0.320 units, respectively, which testifies to the value of the farm type "Bagachanskyi" for preserving the genetic diversity of pigs. It was established that the TT genotype of the DNA marker SLC11A1/HinfI 334 (associated with increased general resistance to infectious diseases) has a positive effect on the intensity of growth of pigs, as evidenced by higher growth after rearing and a 4.86% higher live weight at the age of 6 months (p < 0.05). The AA genotype of the DNA marker FUT1 g.307 G > A (associated with resistance to colibacteriosis) had a positive effect on the uniformity of growth of pigs, at the same time, the growth intensity of the influence of this marker was not detected, which indicates the feasibility of carrying out selection work on this gene to create a line pigs resistant to colibacteriosis. However, among animals with different FUT1 g.307 G > A genotypes, homozygotes with the G allele (susceptible to colibacteriosis) had the highest formation intensity, the difference was 12.19%. Probably, after weaning, piglets susceptible to the disease reduced growth rates after inoculation with opportunistic microorganisms, and after the completion of the infectious process, compensatory growth occurred. This assumption is consistent with the decrease in relative gains in piglets with genotype GG and AG in the period of 28–60 days and the increase in relative gains in these two groups in the period of 2–3 months. Whereas, in the group of piglets with the FUT1 AA genotype, the relative growth constantly decreased with age. Genotypes associated with better resistance to infectious diseases SLC11A1/HinfI 334 TT and FUT1 AA are characterized by lower intensity of formation and better uniformity of growth, which positively affected the fattening productivity and can be used in selection work. No negative impact of genotypes associated with increased resistance to infectious diseases (and in some cases a positive impact was established) on the growth and development of experimental pigs was found. Marker-associated selection based on the studied genes will contribute to the creation of new structural elements of a Large White breed of pigs with increased growth intensity and improved resistance to infectious diseases.