“…The term "economic space" emphasizes the significance of geographical factors such as location, resource localization, production capability concentration, and the outcomes of agent activities within a particular territory (Jones, Woods, 2013;Crespo, Suire, Vicente, 2014;Boschma, 2017;Suvorova, 2020). At the same time, the focus is on network inter-territorial interactions and the benefits they bring, such as increasing the factor productivity of regional economies and bringing the gross regional product closer to the production capabilities of the territory's economy (Allmendinger, Haughton, 2009;Costa-Font, Moscone, 2009;Mold, Bagiza, 2016;Kozonogova, Dubrovskaya, Dubolazova, 2020). Spatial economic systems exhibit structural characteristics such as discreteness, fractality, hierarchy, mul-tilevelness, and multilayering.…”