Abstract:Background
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has created an unprecedented problem in people's lives around the world. Lockdown measures altered the routine lifestyle aspects of people including diet, exercise, sleep, stress, smoking, job status, recreation, and application of modern technologies. Understanding the lifestyle profile of individuals could help in designing effective interventions to minimize the risk factors of COVID-19-related health problems.
Objectives
The ai… Show more
“…The result is similar to those reported in various studies [20,22,30]. Greater awareness of the benefits of proper water intake during quarantine, combined with easy access to water, may have led to this behavior [9].…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 90%
“…The individuals in Saudi Arabia (SA) experienced extraordinary behavioral changes in all parts of their lifestyle, with some positive effects on smoking and food habits [9]. Unemployment, physical inactivity, sleep difficulties, social isolation, and excessive weight gain were negative changes [9].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The individuals in Saudi Arabia (SA) experienced extraordinary behavioral changes in all parts of their lifestyle, with some positive effects on smoking and food habits [9]. Unemployment, physical inactivity, sleep difficulties, social isolation, and excessive weight gain were negative changes [9]. Ashgar [10] reported that nutritional behaviors were positively correlated with sex, age, and having a job before and/or after the pandemic, which were negatively correlated with the number of people in the household.…”
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has continued to spread rapidly worldwide, forcing countries to enact lockdowns and strict social-distancing measures that affect individual and population health. This study investigates the changes in dietary habits and lifestyle behaviors among Saudi residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 786 participants, with a mean age of 30 years. The questionnaire was administered online and sent via social media applications. Dietary habits, physical activity, TV-watching time, sleep patterns, stressors, and socio-demographic data were evaluated. Among the survey respondents, there was an increase in weight gain, food consumption, and decreased physical activity. Respondents who gained weight consumed more snacks, ate larger food portions, and engaged in less physical activity. Furthermore, a high fish, water, and supplements intake was noticed. Although respondents’ intake of fruits and vegetables was low, most individuals reported a negatively changed intake. However, most respondents reported increased consumption of lean meat and sweet foods. Observing changes in dietary and lifestyle habits during the lockdown period may help elaborate on the pandemic’s consequences for population health and assist in formulating and implementing policies for future closures, while supporting vulnerable groups.
“…The result is similar to those reported in various studies [20,22,30]. Greater awareness of the benefits of proper water intake during quarantine, combined with easy access to water, may have led to this behavior [9].…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 90%
“…The individuals in Saudi Arabia (SA) experienced extraordinary behavioral changes in all parts of their lifestyle, with some positive effects on smoking and food habits [9]. Unemployment, physical inactivity, sleep difficulties, social isolation, and excessive weight gain were negative changes [9].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The individuals in Saudi Arabia (SA) experienced extraordinary behavioral changes in all parts of their lifestyle, with some positive effects on smoking and food habits [9]. Unemployment, physical inactivity, sleep difficulties, social isolation, and excessive weight gain were negative changes [9]. Ashgar [10] reported that nutritional behaviors were positively correlated with sex, age, and having a job before and/or after the pandemic, which were negatively correlated with the number of people in the household.…”
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has continued to spread rapidly worldwide, forcing countries to enact lockdowns and strict social-distancing measures that affect individual and population health. This study investigates the changes in dietary habits and lifestyle behaviors among Saudi residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 786 participants, with a mean age of 30 years. The questionnaire was administered online and sent via social media applications. Dietary habits, physical activity, TV-watching time, sleep patterns, stressors, and socio-demographic data were evaluated. Among the survey respondents, there was an increase in weight gain, food consumption, and decreased physical activity. Respondents who gained weight consumed more snacks, ate larger food portions, and engaged in less physical activity. Furthermore, a high fish, water, and supplements intake was noticed. Although respondents’ intake of fruits and vegetables was low, most individuals reported a negatively changed intake. However, most respondents reported increased consumption of lean meat and sweet foods. Observing changes in dietary and lifestyle habits during the lockdown period may help elaborate on the pandemic’s consequences for population health and assist in formulating and implementing policies for future closures, while supporting vulnerable groups.
“…In the title and abstract screening stage, 162 records were excluded as irrelevant. After a full-text review of 47 reports, we included 19 studies [ 24 , 31 – 48 ], all published in English. Fig.…”
Background
In Saudi Arabia, stay-at-home orders to address the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic between March 15 and 23, 2020 and eased on May 28, 2020. We conducted a scoping review to systematically describe physical activity and sedentary behavior in Saudi Arabia associated with the timing of the lockdown.
Methods
We searched six databases on December 13, 2021 for articles published in English or Arabic from 2018 to the search date. Studies must have reported data from Saudi Arabia for any age and measured physical activity or sedentary behavior.
Results
Overall, 286 records were found; after excluding duplicates, 209 records were screened, and 19 studies were included in the review. Overall, 15 studies were cross-sectional, and 4 studies were prospective cohorts. Three studies included children and adolescents (age: 2–18 years), and 16 studies included adults (age: 15–99 years). Data collection periods were < = 5 months, with 17 studies collecting data in 2020 only, one study in 2020–2021, and one study in 2021. The median analytic sample size was 363 (interquartile range 262–640). Three studies of children/adolescents collected behaviors online at one time using parental reporting, with one also allowing self-reporting. All three studies found that physical activity was lower during and/or following the lockdown than before the lockdown. Two studies found screen time, television watching, and playing video games were higher during or following the lockdown than before the lockdown. Sixteen adult studies assessed physical activity, with 15 utilizing self-reporting and one using accelerometry. Physical activity, exercise, walking, and park visits were all lower during or following the lockdown than before the lockdown. Six adult studies assessed sedentary behavior using self-report. Sitting time (4 studies) and screen time (2 studies) were higher during or following the lockdown than before the lockdown.
Conclusions
Among children, adolescents, and adults, studies consistently indicated that in the short-term, physical activity decreased and sedentary behavior increased in conjunction with the movement restrictions. Given the widespread impact of the pandemic on other health behaviors, it would be important to continue tracking behaviors post-lockdown and identify subpopulations that may not have returned to their physical activity and sedentary behavior to pre-pandemic levels to focus on intervention efforts.
“…For example, an additional 60 min in daily sedentary time has been reported in adults who strictly followed the COVID-19 guidelines compared with those who did not [ 58 ]. Additionally, recent data showed that screen and social media time significantly increased by 20.5% and 18.7%, respectively [ 59 ]. However, it should be noted that the parents in our study were young (mean age 38.9 years) and 70% were females.…”
During the COVID-19 pandemic, a few studies used accelerometers to assess physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior in the family context. This study aimed to assess children and parents’ moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time, as well as their relationship in MVPA and sedentary time. Data were collected from 30 parent–child dyads during the COVID-pandemic for seven days, using a hip-worn accelerometer. Children and parents engaged in 65.6 and 34.6 min/day in MVPA and 442.2 and 427.9 min/day sedentary, respectively. There was no evidence of gender difference in MVPA and sedentary between boys and girls. Male parent spent more time in MVPA than female parents. A total of 50% of children and 53.3% of parents met the recommended PA. Children’s MVPA and sedentary time were both correlated with that of their parents. Adjusted linear regression showed that only child MVPA was negatively associated with their parents’ MVPA. There is evidence that multi-level interventions involving parents and children are more effective than interventions focusing on a single group. This study also provides evidence to support the link between MVPA and sedentary time between parents and children. Generalization of the findings is difficult due to the bias of self-selection sample.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
