Assessment of the Effectiveness of Composting for the Reduction of Toxicity and Mutagenicity of Explosive-Contaminated Soil

Jarvis, AP; McFarland, Victor; Honeycutt, Michael

doi:10.1006/eesa.1997.1617

Cited by 74 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In a more contaminated soil, no degradation of contaminants and no decline in soil toxicity could be distinguished after the same time period. The toxicity and mutagenicity reduction after composting of explosives-contaminated soil was also assessed by Jarvis et al [310]. Two bioassays were used (Mutatox and earthworm acute toxicity test) to evaluate the effectiveness of a pilot-scale composting demonstration in reducing environmental hazard.…”

Section: Compostingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soils contaminated with explosives: Environmental fate and evaluation of state-of-the-art remediation processes (IUPAC Technical Report)

Kalderis

Juhasz

Boopathy

et al. 2011

Pure and Applied Chemistry

156

143

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An explosion occurs when a large amount of energy is suddenly released. This energy may come from an over-pressurized steam boiler, from the products of a chemical reaction involving explosive materials, or from a nuclear reaction that is uncontrolled. In order for an explosion to occur, there must be a local accumulation of energy at the site of the explosion, which is suddenly released. This release of energy can be dissipated as blast waves, propulsion of debris, or by the emission of thermal and ionizing radiation.Modern explosives or energetic materials are nitrogen-containing organic compounds with the potential for self-oxidation to small gaseous molecules (N 2 , H 2 O, and CO 2 ). Explosives are classified as primary or secondary based on their susceptibility of initiation. Primary explosives are highly susceptible to initiation and are often used to ignite secondary explosives, such as TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene), RDX (1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine), HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane), and tetryl (N-methyl-N-2,4,6-tetranitroaniline).

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Section: Compostingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soils contaminated with explosives: Environmental fate and evaluation of state-of-the-art remediation processes (IUPAC Technical Report)

Kalderis

Juhasz

Boopathy

et al. 2011

Pure and Applied Chemistry

156

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A number of biological wastes can be used for composting which include municipal solid wastes, animal and human excreta, (Ryckeboer et al, 2003;Tiquia, 2005). The importance of composting include production of organic manure, land scaping and restoration of denuded areas such as areas of oil spillage (Jarvis et al, 1988;Atkinson et al, 1996;Guibileo et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiology of composting pig waste: Comparison of vermicomposting and open heap techniques

Ogefere¹,

Ogbimi²,

Omoregie³

2010

MJM

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Against the background of an effective waste management, microbiological studies of composting pig waste were investigated. Freshly deposited excreta from confined pigs in a private pig farm in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria were composted by two aerobic methods -vermicomposting and open heap. Microbial (bacterial and fungal) counts and characterization were carried out periodically within the 40 weeks of composting, using standard techniques. The results showed that only duration of composting significantly (p<.0.05) affected microbial counts as the counts decreased from the initial value at week zero to much lower value at week 40. A total of 274 bacterial and fungal isolates were recovered from the composting waste and majority (60.58%) were isolated from the open heap. Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus flavus were the predominant isolates recovered (9.49% each), and were the only isolates recovered throughout the period of composting irrespective of the composting technique. Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium were the least isolated (1.09% each). Vermicomposting technique was recommended on health and environmental grounds.

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“…The (SCWO) has been used to treat streams, sludgs and contaminated soils (Svanstrom et al, 2004;Chang and Liu, 2007). Bioremediation is often effective, but cannot be applied in highly contaminated sites, requires long treatment times and often produces toxic and/or mutagenic byproducts (Jarvis et al, 1998;Adams and Guzmán-Osorio, 2008). Conventional biological wastewater treatment processes (eg.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of 2, 4, 6-trinitotoluene in aqueous solution by ozonation and multi-stage ozonation biological treatment

Diwani

Rafie

Hawash

2009

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to explore the extent of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene synthetic solution and red water mineralization by comparing conventional direct ozonation and multi-stage ozonation-biological treatment process. The alkaline hydrolysis was used for remediation 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene and red water at pH = 10.9. Nevertheless, the hydroxyl radicals would be generated by ozone decomposition with ozone dose of 0.177 g/L. The samples were subjected to chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon analysis to monitor pollutants removal. The rate of 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene and red water pollutants degradation were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography. 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene synthetic solution resulted 55.5 % chemical oxygen demand removal by 3 h direct ozonation. Following direct ozonation the biological treatment twenty four hours chemical oxygen demand reached 98.9 % and 98.7 % removal using humic acid and river water 1 % ( v/v) inoculation singly and respectively. Conventional direct ozonation showed non significant change in total organic carbon degradation. While on using multi-stage ozone-biological treatment process where humic acid and/or river water were used as inoculums singly and respectively, total organic carbon fulfilled 73 % and 98.3 % removal. The process was one hour direct ozonation and followed by three days multistage ozone-biological treatment. In multi-stage ozone-biological treatment process, ozonation was effective to decompose total organic carbon and to produce biodegradable dissolved organic carbon easily removed by ozone oxidation up to 98.3 % in 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene synthetic solution. Pollutants removal achieved 99 % in authentic red water effluent using river inoculation 1 % (v/v) in 5 days. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Fourier Transformation Infra Red methods were performed to confirm types of pollutants content in red water.

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Assessment of the Effectiveness of Composting for the Reduction of Toxicity and Mutagenicity of Explosive-Contaminated Soil

Cited by 74 publications

References 13 publications

Soils contaminated with explosives: Environmental fate and evaluation of state-of-the-art remediation processes (IUPAC Technical Report)

Soils contaminated with explosives: Environmental fate and evaluation of state-of-the-art remediation processes (IUPAC Technical Report)

Microbiology of composting pig waste: Comparison of vermicomposting and open heap techniques

Degradation of 2, 4, 6-trinitotoluene in aqueous solution by ozonation and multi-stage ozonation biological treatment

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