Assessment of the Impacts of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Maerua oblongifolia Shoots under In Vitro Salt Stress

Abstract

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that affect the plant’s growth and development. Recently, the contribution of nanoparticles (NPs) to ameliorating salinity stresses has become the new field of interest for scientists due to their special physiochemical properties in the biological system. This study is designed to examine the effects of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) spherical in shape (size range between 9 and 30 nm) on morphophysiological characteristics and the antioxidant defense system of in vitro raised Maerua oblongifolia under four levels of salt stress (0, 50, 100, and 200 mM NaCl). Our findings reveal that the application of AgNPs (0, 10, 20, and 30 mg/L) to M. oblongifolia shoots significantly alleviates the adverse effects of salt stress and ameliorates plant developmental-related parameters and defense systems. High salinity elevates the oxidative damage by over-accumulation of the levels of total soluble sugars, proline, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, enhancing the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, total phenolic, and flavonoid content over the control. Interestingly, the application of AgNPs to salinized plants improved the growth traits and photosynthetic pigment production and caused higher enhancement in antioxidant enzyme activities. Furthermore, mitigating the oxidative damage by lowering the accumulation of proline, soluble sugars, H2O2, MDA, and total phenolic and flavonoid contents in salt-stressed plants. In general, AgNPs augmented the growth of M. oblongifolia shoots under saline conditions through different strategies; thus, AgNPs can be used as an appropriate eco-friendly approach that enhances salinity tolerance in plants.

Ethylene inhibition with silver nitrate (AgNO3) and pyrazinamide (PZA) ameliorates in vitro salt tolerance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L) plantlets

“…Moreover, inadequate nutrient uptake by plants or increased Na + translocation to the shoots might be a reason for decreasing tomato plant growth under salinity (Sha et al, 2010;Hussein et al, 2015). Similar to the present data, previous studies on maize (Omoto et al, 2009), sorghum (Netondo et al, 2004), Oenanthe javanica (Kumar et al, 2021), Sapium sebiferum (Shah et al, 2020), and Maerua oblongifolia (Shaikhaldein et al, 2022) revealed that photosynthetic component and plant growth decreased when exposed to salinity. It is interesting that, using ethylene inhibitors such as AgNO 3 and PZA showed favorable effects on the growth features of tomato plants under in vitro salt treatments and dramatically reduced the negative impacts of salinity.…”

Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Leaves Extract of Capparis spinosa L. and Evaluation of their Resistance to Salt Stress of some Aquatic Plants

“…The scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed nanoparticle silver, spherically shaped, with a difference in size, with a AgNPs size rate of 48.31 nm. This study is consistent with Shaikhaldein et al [22] if the particles formed are spherical.…”

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Exploring Their Potential of Reducing the Contamination of the In Vitro Culture Media and Inducing the Callus Growth of Rumex nervosus Explants

“…The TEM image shows that the AgNPs have a spherical shape with a size ranging from 21 to 26 nm. The result obtained by [42] showed that the AgNPs biologically synthesized using Ochradenus arabicus extract were spherical in shape with a size ranging between 9 and 30 nm. The nanoparticles' size depends on the plant species and the source of extracts that are used as reducing and capping agents.…”