Assessment of the occurrence of trypanocidal drug resistance in trypanosomes of naturally infected cattle in the Adamaoua region of Cameroon using the standard mouse test and molecular tools

Abdoulmoumini, Mamoudou; Delespaux, V.; Chepnda, Vitalis R; Hachimou, Z.; Andrikaye, J.P.; Zoli, A; Geerts, S.

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2008.02.003

Cited by 50 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, the same tool used on 20 T. congolense isolates originating from Ethiopia and Burkina Faso and nine isolates from Zambia showed a correlation of only 60% (V.D., unpublished) and 75% [48], respectively. In a recent survey in Cameroon (Adamaoua Plateau), the MboII-PCR-RFLP identified only four strains as resistant among 12 isolates confirmed to be resistant in the mouse test (33.3%) [49]. This indicates that there might be ISM-resistant strains that have developed alternative pathways of resistance that are not detectable by the MboII-PCR-RFLP test.…”

Section: Correlation With In Vivo Testsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Molecular tools for the rapid detection of drug resistance in animal trypanosomes

Delespaux

Geysen

Bossche

et al. 2008

Trends in Parasitology

104

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There are currently 17 African countries in which animal trypanocidal drug resistance has been reported. Largescale surveys were carried out in only ten of them. The lack of baseline information is mainly due to the fact that the methods currently available for the detection of drug resistance are laborious, expensive and time consuming. In this review the mechanisms involved in resistance to isometamidium and diminazene will be discussed, together with some new molecular detection tools that have been developed recently enabling faster diagnosis of drug resistance than conventional laboratory or field tests. African animal trypanosomiasis and drug resistanceTsetse fly-transmitted trypanosomiasis is an important constraint to livestock development in sub-Saharan Africa with estimated annual losses owing to the direct and indirect effects of the disease running into billions of dollars. Approximately 9 million km 2 of sub-Saharan Africa, representing about one-third of the total land, is affected by tsetse flies [1]. Within this region, some 46-62 million head of cattle and other livestock species are at risk of the disease [2]. Trypanosomiasis is controlled either by controlling the vector or by controlling the parasite, or a combination of both. Over the years, a large arsenal of vector-control tools has been developed. Nevertheless, the control of animal trypanosomiasis in often poor rural communities has and will continue to rely heavily on the use of trypanocidal drugs. This is not surprising considering the private nature (i.e. the easy, individual, nonconcerted use) of such treatments and the difficulties in maintaining cleared areas in the absence of barriers to re-invasion of tsetse flies. Only a small group of chemoprophylactic and chemotherapeutic trypanocidal compounds are currently in use and new compounds are unlikely to become available in the near future [3]. Geerts and Holmes [4] estimated that in Africa 35 million doses of veterinary trypanocidal drugs are administered each year with isometamidium chloride (ISM), ethidium bromide (EtBr) and diminazene aceturate (DA) estimated to represent 40%, 26% and 33%, respectively, of the total trypanocidal drug market by value [5]. ISM is mainly used as a prophylactic drug and provides on average 3 months' protection (2-22 weeks) against trypanosome infection. DA has only therapeutic properties and EtBr has limited prophylactic properties and is mainly used as a therapeutic agent [6]. Considering the well known mutagenic properties of EtBr, this drug should ideally be removed from the drug market, but in practice it is still widely used in many countries. Removing this drug from the market would not jeopardize the treatment of animal trypanosomiasis because it can be replaced either by DA for curative purposes or by ISM for prophylactic purposes. When trypanosomes are resistant to ISM, EtBr will be ineffective as cross-resistance is observed between the two drugs [7]. As a result of inappropriate trypanocidal drug-use practices, there is growing co...

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Section: Correlation With In Vivo Testsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, these three strains relapsed at lower doses of DA (5 mg kg −1 ). Some T. congolense strains (N=9) isolated in Cameroon on the Adamaoua Plateau were tested using the BclI-PCR-RFLP and the mouse test and were found to be resistant by both tests [49].…”

Section: Correlation With In Vivo Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular tools for the rapid detection of drug resistance in animal trypanosomes

Delespaux

Geysen

Bossche

et al. 2008

Trends in Parasitology

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since these results confirm earlier findings (Delespaux et al, 2006) that there is a good correlation (88.5-91.7%) between the BclI-PCR-RFLP test and the mouse test, the BclI-PCR-RFLP test can be considered as an effective, quick and accurate molecular tool for monitoring DA-resistance. The usefulness of such a tool was already demonstrated in a large-scale study on trypanocidal drug resistance in Cameroon (Mamoudou et al, 2008).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Five-fold increase in Trypanosoma congolense isolates resistant to diminazene aceturate over a seven-year period in Eastern Zambia

Delespaux

Dinka

Masumu

et al. 2008

Drug Resistance Updates

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“…Based upon a strong statistical correlation that was demonstrated between the DpnII-PCR-RFLP and the DA-resistant phenotype (Chitanga et al, 2011;Delespaux et al, 2008Delespaux et al, , 2006Mamoudou et al, 2008;Moti et al, 2012), this test remains a reliable read-out for DA-resistance although Munday et al (2013) showed that the target gene in this test codes for a P1-type purine transporter not directly involved in DA transport.…”

Section: Trypanosome Prevalence and Resistancementioning

confidence: 96%

PCR and microsatellite analysis of diminazene aceturate resistance of bovine trypanosomes correlated to knowledge, attitude and practice of livestock keepers in South-Western Ethiopia

et al. 2015

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Assessment of the occurrence of trypanocidal drug resistance in trypanosomes of naturally infected cattle in the Adamaoua region of Cameroon using the standard mouse test and molecular tools

Cited by 50 publications

References 11 publications

Molecular tools for the rapid detection of drug resistance in animal trypanosomes

Molecular tools for the rapid detection of drug resistance in animal trypanosomes

Five-fold increase in Trypanosoma congolense isolates resistant to diminazene aceturate over a seven-year period in Eastern Zambia

PCR and microsatellite analysis of diminazene aceturate resistance of bovine trypanosomes correlated to knowledge, attitude and practice of livestock keepers in South-Western Ethiopia

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