Assessment of the parameters of adaptability of individual populations of the cocksfoot in the Arctic region

Abstract

Perennial grasses play an important role in increasing land productivity and increasing the production of high-protein fodder. They are grown in field and fodder crop rotations, in cultivated hayfields for green fodder, hay, haylage, grass cutting and grass meal. In the fodder balance, they account for almost half of the total requirement of farm animals for plant fodder. The cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) is just such a perennial cereal crop that can become the basis for creating a solid forage base. Creation of a new variety, high-yielding, with good quality forage mass, high adaptability to biotic and abiotic environmental factors, is a solution to the urgent problem of strengthening the branch of forage production. The studies were carried out in the Komi Republic (Russia, Syktyvkar) in the period from 2016 to 2018. in order to determine the parameters of adaptability and yield of green mass of collection samples and promising populations of cocksfoot combined with the subsequent selection of the most valuable of them for further breeding work. We studied samples of various ecological and geographical origin obtained from the world collection of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N.I. Vavilov - VIR (Russia, St. Petersburg), geographically belonging to the Barents Euro-Arctic region: eight from Russia, including five from the Republic Komi (42733, 42734, 42736, 43024, 45945) and three from the Arkhangelsk region (44342, 36684, 44343), two from Norway (41826, 44021) and one from Finland (47268). According to a set of economically valuable parameters, samples 42733, 45945, 41826 were identified with a yield of green mass on average for two mows of 220-237 c / ha. Varieties Dvina and Naka with values of adaptability parameters for stress resistance from -73 to -96, with a coefficient of variation - 18.4-25.2% and with a breeding value - 130-139 are attributed to the most stable and plastic varieties. They provide valuable starting material for further study and use in the breeding process.