Assessment of the Possible Phytotoxicity of a Substrate Using an Easy and Representative Biotest

Morel, P. C. H.; Guillemain, Gilles

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2004.644.55

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The use of forestry products as well as immature compost can involve problems of phytotoxicity. For instance, high potassium and manganese content (Maher and Thomson, 1991) and the presence of phenolic compounds (Ortega et al, 1996), terpenes, organic acids and fatty acids (Morel and Guillemain, 2004) can cause such problems (Gruda et al, 2009). Methods such as composting, ageing, leaching, washing, mixing and fertilization, have been used to reduce or eliminate phytotoxicity properties (Ortega et al, 1996;Gruda et al, , 2013.…”

Section: Biological Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of soilless culture technologies in the modern greenhouse industry – A review

Savvas¹,

Gruda²

2018

Europ.J.Hortic.Sci.

289

160

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Soilless culture systems (SCS) are increasingly adopted as a major technological component in the modern greenhouse industry. The core advantage of soilless culture, frequently referenced to as "hydroponics", is the independence of the crop from the soil which, as a natural medium, is heterogeneous, accommodates pathogens, tends to degrade in monoculture systems, and may be infertile, saline or sodic. The cultivation on horticultural growing media (GM) such as rockwool, perlite, and coconut is worldwide the most frequently used SCS for production of fruit vegetables and cut flowers. Water culture systems such as floating hydroponics, Nutrient Film Technique and aeroponics are mainly used for production of leafy vegetables. Modern, fully automated fertigation heads are used for the preparation and timely supply of nutrient solution (NS), which serves both the nutrition and irrigation of the plants. In soilless culture, the NS that drains out of the root zone can be easily collected and recycled, thereby considerably increasing the water use efficiency and minimizing environmental impacts arising from fertilizer residues. The spread of pathogens via the recycled effluents is a challenge that can be encountered by introducing a suitable system for their disinfection before reusing, based mainly on UV radiation, slow sand or membrane filtration, or a chemical treatment (mainly O 3 , H 2 O 2 or chlorination). In SCS, the NS composition has to be adapted to the composition of the water used for its preparation, the plant species and even the cultivar, the growth stage, the season of the year and the current climatic conditions, and this is a challenge that can be encountered by using modern information and computer technologies. Last but not least, the frequency of irrigation in GM-grown crops is high due to the limited volume of rooting medium per plant and has to be efficiently controlled. Suitable automation technologies are mostly based on real-time measurement of parameters related either to the greenhouse microclimate (e.g., solar radiation, vapor pressure deficit, air temperature) or to the GM water status (water tension or content).

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Section: Biological Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of soilless culture technologies in the modern greenhouse industry – A review

Savvas¹,

Gruda²

2018

Europ.J.Hortic.Sci.

289

160

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“…Furthermore, whereas standards for completeness of composting exist in most European countries, few similar standards have been established in the US 7,8 . This fact is pertinent, as it has a bearing on the quality of plant growth from compost in two respects: xenobiotic (exogenous compounds) effects resulting from incomplete biodegradation related to short-term composting, and biological effects related to immaturity 9 . In the absence of compost completion standards, it is not unreasonable to assume that xenobiotics or other phytotoxic agents may potentially present a problem at one point in time or another.…”

Section: Compost Quality and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytotoxicity factors and herbicide contamination in relation to compost quality management practices

Blewett¹,

Roberts²,

Brinton³

2005

Renew. Agric. Food Syst.

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The practice of composting mixed green wastes from community collection programs has been on the increase as a means to reduce organic debris to landfills. Recent reports of plant injury have appeared and were attributed to residues of the herbicide clopyralid in compost. Phytotoxicity issues with compost have been reported previously to result from other factors, including heavy metal content, soluble salts, organic acids and oxygen deprivation related to incomplete decomposition. The recent reports of plant injury due to clopyralid-contaminated compost were also associated with very heavy applications of compost, yet few of these reports included observations of herbicide symptomology. Since immature compost may contain sufficient degradation intermediates, soluble salts and other contaminants to cause phytotoxicity, particularly when applied at heavy rates, an effort must be made to distinguish confounding factors. Complete composting normally allows for the degradation of phytotoxic intermediates and synthetic compounds, such as herbicides, as well as allowing for leaching of salts. Absence of compost completeness standards within the compost industry leaves such factors to the guesswork of the end-user. Recommended compost use rates have established a relationship between compost maturity, application rate and use pattern, based on compost quality metrics. Greater attention to the use of high-quality compost, properly designated as to completeness of composting and applied at appropriate use rates, would minimize the potential for phytotoxic effects, irrespective of the contributing source.

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“…Indirect bioassay methods for environmental samples may employ soil-sand mixtures or water extracts of varying ratios, particularly if the goal is to distinguish the modus of inhibition and the class of herbicide residue (ASTM 1999;Böger and Sandmann 1993). Published criteria for plant toxicant studies require documentation of potential interference to the procedure (ASTM 1999), and work with composts has indicated that such interferences do exist (Morel and Guillemain 2004;Brinton and Evans 2002). Normally, to quantify background phytotoxicity not attributable to an auxinic source, a nontarget plant would be employed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of Bioassay Tests to Indicate Herbicide Residues in Compost Of Varying Salinity and Herbicide Levels

Brinton¹,

Evans²,

Blewett³

2006

Compost Science & Utilization

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Assessment of the Possible Phytotoxicity of a Substrate Using an Easy and Representative Biotest

Cited by 17 publications

References 1 publication

Application of soilless culture technologies in the modern greenhouse industry – A review

Application of soilless culture technologies in the modern greenhouse industry – A review

Phytotoxicity factors and herbicide contamination in relation to compost quality management practices

Reliability of Bioassay Tests to Indicate Herbicide Residues in Compost Of Varying Salinity and Herbicide Levels

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