Assessment of the Quality of Water from Hand-Dug Wells in Ghana

Nkansah, Marian Asantewah; Boadi, Nathaniel Owusu; Badu, Mercy

doi:10.4137/ehi.s3149

Cited by 50 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The decrease in pH from the upstream to the downstream could be attributed to the presence of dissolved carbonates and bicarbonates, which are recognized to affect pH in surface water (Chapman, 1992). pH values obtained in this study are similar to results obtained by and Nwaedozie (1998), which is optimal when considering that values below 6.5 is acidic and could affect the digestive and lymphatic system due to acidosis (Nkansah et al 2010). Temperature values were between 27.03 -28.47°C.…”

Section: Physico-chemical Parameterssupporting

confidence: 76%

Concentrations and Risk Evaluation of Selected Heavy Metals in Water and African Catfish Clarias gariepinus in River Kaduna, Nigeria

Onyidoh¹,

Ibrahim²,

Ismail³

et al. 2017

GJEE

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Freshwater is a vital medium by which fish for human consumption are cultured, thus, preserving its quality is essential. The presence and bioaccumulation pattern of some heavy metal concentrations in wild African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) muscles and water samples, collected from River Kaduna during the dry season month of December was assessed, to determine their concentrations, physico-chemical parameters, and risk evaluation of selected metals and their effects on fish quality. Analysis was carried out using standard analytical procedures and methods. Risk assessment for Fe, Pb, Ni, Cd, and Hg were based on average daily dose, hazard quotient, and cancer risk was also determined. Result showed that physico-chemical parameters, were within WHO recommended threshold limits, and mean concentrations of heavy metals followed the order Fe>Pb>Hg>Ni>Cd. Carcinogenic risk ( ) via ingestion of fish muscles for Pb, Hg and Cd were higher than the acceptable limit (10 -6 ). Anthropogenic activities, especially indiscriminate waste disposal were suggested as the main contributor to environmental pollution. Findings reveals possible health implications, thus constant surveillance was suggested to guide appropriate response.

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Section: Physico-chemical Parameterssupporting

confidence: 76%

Concentrations and Risk Evaluation of Selected Heavy Metals in Water and African Catfish Clarias gariepinus in River Kaduna, Nigeria

Onyidoh¹,

Ibrahim²,

Ismail³

et al. 2017

GJEE

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show abstract

“…Although there is no WHO guideline value, phosphate may not be toxic to humans unless they are present in very high levels where digestive problems could occur. Phosphate concentrations in the water samples were generally lower compared to the values of 0.33-9.30 mg/L reported by Nkansah et al (2010) in hand-dug wells in the Kumasi metropolis of Ghana. The low phosphate levels recorded in this study may possibly be due to its adsorption by soils as well as phosphate deficiency in Ghanaian soils hence, applied phosphate might have been used up by cocoa plants as reported by Ewusi et al (2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Organophosphorus pesticide residues in soils and drinking water sources from cocoa producing areas in Ghana

et al. 2016

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Background: Pests and diseases are recognised as major factors responsible for the decline in cocoa yield in Ghana. This has resulted in an increased use of pesticides to increase productivity. The regular application and indiscriminate use of chemicals have been associated with unintended environmental and human health consequence. The objective of this study was to determine levels of 13 organophosphorus pesticide residues in soils and drinking water sources in and around cocoa farms in Brong Ahafo region of Ghana. Methods:Organophosphorus pesticide residues were determined by the use of a high resolution Varian CP-3800 Gas Chromatograph equipped with pulse flame photometric detector (PFPD) in 32 soils and 64 drinking water samples from 16 cocoa farms in the Dormaa West District of Ghana.Results: Four organophosphorus residues were detected in the soil and water samples at varying concentrations. The organophosphorus residues detected in soil samples were chlorpyrifos (0.01-0.04 mg/kg), profenofos (0.02-0.04 mg/kg) and pirimiphos-methyl (0.01-0.04 mg/kg) while the organophosphorus residues recorded in the water samples were chlorpyrifos (0.01-0.05 µg/L), diazinon (0.01-0.04 µg/L) and pirimiphos-methyl (0.01-0.03 µg/L). The concentrations of organophosphorus pesticide residues in the soil samples analysed from the various sites were generally below and within US MRLs for agricultural soils. However, mean concentrations of chlorpyrifos and pirimiphos-methyl recorded at Nkrankwanta (S1) were found to be above their respective US MRLs for agricultural soils. The trends of organophosphorus pesticide residues in the water samples analysed from the various distances to cocoa farms decreased with increase in distance to cocoa farm (ranking; 0-15 > 16-30 > above 30 m). All organophosphorus pesticide residues recorded in the water samples from the various sites within the various distances were below and within their respective WHO MRLs for drinking water except chlorpyrifos at Diabaa (S2) and Kwakuanya (S4) at distance 16-30 m and diazinon at Kwakuanya (S4) at a distance 0-15 m which exceeded their WHO MRLs. There were no significant (p > 0.05) sites differences in mean values of pesticide residues detected in soils and water samples. Conclusions:The presence of organophosphorus in the samples analysed was an indication of the use of the pesticides by cocoa farmers in the study area to control pest and diseases. The pesticide residues in the soil poses danger to soil organisms as well as contaminate surrounding water bodies through runoff and leaching. In addition, there is the likelihood of translocation of these residues from the soil into the cocoa beans and other crops (like vegetables that are commonly intercropped with cocoa) through the root system, thereby posing health risks to consumers. Chlorpyrifos and diazinon concentrations in drinking water exceeded their respective WHO MRLs at some sampled sites and may pose health hazard to farmers' household and the communities.

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“…According to Ansa-Asare, Darko, & Asante (2009), the nature of the geology in an area could also account for low pH values. Additionally, Nkansah, Boadi, & Badu (2010), reported that pH values lower than 6.5 are considered acidic for human consumption and can cause health problems such as acidosis and adverse effects on digestive and lymphatic system. Acidity increases the capacity of the water to also attack geological materials and leach toxic trace metals into the water making it potentially unsafe for human consumption (Kortatsi, 2007).…”

Section: Physico-chemical Properties Of Water Samples From the Study mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Pyrethroids Pesticide Residues in Soils and Drinking Water Sources from Cocoa Farms in Ghana

Fosu-Mensah

Okoffo

Mensah

2016

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The contamination of pesticides in 32 soils and 64 drinking water samples was investigated from cocoa farms in the Dormaa West District of Ghana to assess pollution status. A total of nine synthetic pyrethroids pesticides were measured with a high resolution Varian CP-3800 Gas Chromatograph equipped with 63 Ni electron capture detector (ECD). Eight synthetic pyrethroid residues namely fenvalerate, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, bifenthrin, permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, allethrin and cyfluthrin were detected with lambda-cyhalothrin and allethrin occurring most frequently in soil and water respectively. The concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids residues in the soil samples were in the ranges of; 0.02-0.03 mg/kg for lambda-cyhalothrin, 0.010-0.02 mg/kg for allethrin, 0.010-0.04 mg/kg for cyfluthrin, <0.01-0.04 mg/kg for cypermethrin, 0.02-0.06 mg/kg for deltamethrin, and <0.01-0.03 mg/kg for bifenthrin. Similarly, the synthetic pyrethroids residues in the water samples were in the ranges of; 0.01-0.05 µg/L for allethrin, 0.01-0.04 µg/L for fenvalerate, 0.01-0.04 µg/L for cypermethrin and 0.01-0.05 µg/L for deltamethrin. The concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids pesticide residues recorded in the soil samples analysed were generally below and within their respective US MRLs for agricultural soils, except the mean concentration values recorded for pesticides such as lambda-cyhalothrin at Diabaa (S2) and Krakrom (S3), allethrin at Diabaa (S2) and deltamethrin at Kwakuanya (S4), which were above their respective US MRLs for agricultural soils. The trends of synthetic pyrethroids pesticide residues in the water samples analysed from the various distances to cocoa farms decreased with an increase of water source to cocoa farm (ranking; 0-15m>16-30m>above 30m). All synthetic pyrethroids pesticide residues recorded in the water samples were below and within their respective WHO MRLs for drinking water except for deltamethrin, which exceeded the WHO MRL at Kwakuanya (S4) at distance 0-15m from a cocoa farm. The presence of synthetic pyrethroids residues in the soil and water samples analysed is an indication of the use of the pesticide by cocoa farmers in the study area. The routine monitoring of pesticide residues in the study area is necessary for the control and reduction of environmental pollution.

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Assessment of the Quality of Water from Hand-Dug Wells in Ghana

Cited by 50 publications

References 7 publications

Concentrations and Risk Evaluation of Selected Heavy Metals in Water and African Catfish Clarias gariepinus in River Kaduna, Nigeria

Concentrations and Risk Evaluation of Selected Heavy Metals in Water and African Catfish Clarias gariepinus in River Kaduna, Nigeria

Organophosphorus pesticide residues in soils and drinking water sources from cocoa producing areas in Ghana

Synthetic Pyrethroids Pesticide Residues in Soils and Drinking Water Sources from Cocoa Farms in Ghana

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