Assessment of the Relationship between the Maxillary Sinus and the Canine Root tip using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Abstract

Background: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the frequency and amount of extension of the maxillary sinus to the anterior region and to evaluate the vertical distance between the maxillary sinus floor and canine apices.Methods: Cone beam computed tomographic images of 300 individuals (154 males and 146 females) over 20 years (with mean age of 35.12 ± 8.40 years) were evaluated. The subjects were categorized into three age groups (20-30, 30-40 and 40-50 years). When maxillary sinus extended to the canine area, the vertical distance between them were recorded and their relationship were classified into three types: I (> 2 mm distance), II (2 mm < distance or in-contact) and III (interlock). Results: 413 out of 600 maxillary sinuses (68.8%) were extended into the canine area or beyond. Among them, 15 maxillary sinuses pneumatized into the incisor area (2.5%). The prevalence of the maxillary sinuses extended to the anterior region of the jaw was not significantly different between genders, but it was significantly less frequent in older age group and more frequent in the left side. The mean amount of anterior extension of maxillary sinus (mm) was significantly lower in older age group. Type I was the most frequent vertical relationship between the maxillary sinuses and canine apices with no significant difference in gender, side and age groups.Conclusions: Most of the maxillary sinuses extended to the canine area. Maxillary sinus extended into incisor area with the frequency of 2.5% . The amount of extension of the maxillary sinus to the anterior region and its vertical distance with canine apices decreased in older age group.

Evaluation of maxillary sinus dimensions and volume using cone beam computed tomography in patients with unilaterally displaced palatal and buccal maxillary canines

“…In the present study, MS anterior pneumatization into the canine area was more pronounced in BDC subjects (48% of the displaced side and 34% on non-displaced side) whereas in PDC subjects, it was found in 23% of the displaced side and in 36% of the non-displaced side. This finding is comparable to that reported by Kopecka et al [22] but lower than that (69%) reported by others [14,23]. Additionally, MS pneumatization in the incisor region was found in 10% and 13% of buccal and palatal canine displacement sides, and in 10% and 6% of canine non-displacement sides, respectively.…”

“…Wehrbein and Diedrich [12] reported a positive correlation between the amount of sinus expansion after dental extraction and the projection length of roots into the sinus. However, studies to evaluate the relationships between the maxillary canine and the MS are limited [13,14]. The upper permanent canine tooth germ develops in close proximity to the maxillary sinus, therefore, upper canine displacement and MS pneumatization may have an association.…”