Assessment of the role of brassinosteroid in regulating the disease resistance of postharvest tomato fruit by proteomic analysis

Abstract

As one of the most important vegetables worldwide, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits are prone to problems of fruit rot in the field and during storage, causing a significant reduction in the quality and production of the fruit. Alternaria solani, which is a common fungal pathogen for tomato, causes various diseases in tomato including fruit rot (Attia et al., 2020). Resistance to fruit rot caused by A. solani in tomato is necessary to protect the production and quality of tomato fruits and reduce the storage costs. Brassinosteroid (BR) is one of the critical phytohormones, involved in various plant development processes, including cell growth and elongation, tissue differentiation and initiation, and promotion of other plant hormones (Shahnejat-Bushehri et al., 2017; Trevisan et al., 2020; Zhu et al., 2019). BR modulates plant immunity under different physiological conditions (Yu et al., 2018). Brassinosteroid-signaling kinase5 (BSK5) is a member of the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase subfamily XII. Majhi et al. (2019) investigated the susceptibility of BSK5 mutant plants to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and to the fungus Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and found that BSK5 plays a role in pattern-triggered immunity by interacting with multiple immune receptors. Wang et al. (2020) found that BR pretreatment can enhance the resistance to Phytophthora sojae in soybeans by promoting lignin biosynthesis. Marcos et al. (2015) found that BR could improve the resistance to P. syringae through more active cell damage repair. BR also improves disease resistance in fruits, as it can reduce

Co-application of Brassinolide and Pyraclostrobin Improved Disease Control Efficacy by Eliciting Plant Innate Defense Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana

“…However, BL + Pyr conferred more significant disease control against Pyr-sensitive pathogens (78–89%) than Pyr-resistant pathogens (29%), suggesting the fungicidal activity of Pyr was the main contributor for the disease control of BL + Pyr. Furthermore, BL has been reported to activated the plant innate defense system, − indicating that the disease control of BL + Pyr might also be associated with the activation of plant innate disease resistance by BL. Our results supported this conclusion, as both BL + Pyr and BL, despite lacking direct fungicidal activity against Pyr-resistant pathogens, effectively controlled these pathogens.…”

“…For example, exogenous BL improved a broad range of disease resistance in tobacco and rice through a mechanism known as steroid hormone-mediated disease resistance (BDR) . It has also been found to promote tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana by inducing systemic H 2 O 2 accumulation and to inhibit disease development after Alternaria solani injection in tomato by upregulating gene expression in both the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways . Moreover, BL was implicated in ET-induced Pst DC3000 resistance in N.…”

“…7 It has also been found to promote tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana by inducing systemic H 2 O 2 accumulation 8 and to inhibit disease development after Alternaria solani injection in tomato by upregulating gene expression in both the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. 9 Moreover, BL was implicated in ET-induced Pst DC3000 resistance in N. benthamiana, which was mediated by the induction of callose deposition and H 2 O 2 accumulation. 10 BL also induced plant virus resistance against the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) through improving antioxidant enzymes activity and defense-associated gene expression.…”

Exogenous brassinosteroids alleviate calcium deficiency-induced tip-burn by maintaining cell wall structural stability and higher photosynthesis in mini Chinese Cabbage

“…Since the plant hormone brassinosteroids (BR) was discovered in the extract of rape pollen by Mitchell et al (1970) and Grove et al (1979), more and more experts have found that it can promote various processes of plant growth and development (Aghdam et al, 2014;Kurepin et al, 2016). In addition, BRs also has a certain relationship with plant disease resistance (Nakashita et al, 2003;Ding et al, 2021). In this experiment, Ca 2+ deficiency in nutrient solution was used to induced the occurrence of tip-burn, and exogenous spraying of a certain concentration of BRs was used to alleviate the occurrence of tip-burn.…”

Brassinosteroid Accelerates Wound Healing of Potato Tubers by Activation of Reactive Oxygen Metabolism and Phenylpropanoid Metabolism

“…In addition, BR improved defense resistance of Nicotiana benthamiana against viral diseases by promoting the synthesis of H 2 O 2 and nitric oxide (NO), and also activating the antioxidant system [ 17 , 18 ]. BR promoted the amassing of phenolic acids and lignin by activating phenylpropanoid metabolism [ 19 ].…”