Bozzini, in 1807, was the first person to use a mechanical light conductor for inspection of the uterine cavity (1). Thus, hysteroscopy is apparently the oldest endoscopic procedure described in medical literature. In today's field of obstetrics and gynecology, hysteroscopy has become a cornerstone in evaluating and treating infertile women and those with functional or anatomical uterine anomalies. Minimally invasive surgery has experienced a boom over the last 20 years, resulting in a wide expansion of techniques and indications for diagnostic as well as operative hysteroscopy. In the field of diagnostic hysteroscopy, numerous innovations have entered the clinical routine, among them small-diameter rigid and flexible hysteroscopes. The field of hysteroscopic surgery has profited considerably from the rapid development of electrosurgical devices and laser technology. Today, diagnostic hysteroscopy allows for an easy, precise, and cost-effective evaluation of the uterine cavity and subsequent detection of intrauterine pathology. Hysteroscopic surgery offers a wide range of intrauterine surgical procedures such as myomectomy, polypectomy, metroplasty, and endometrial ablation.
Abbreviations:GnRH: gonadotropin releasing hormone; ND-YAG: neodymium: yttrium-aluminum garnet; TRCE: transcervical resection of the endometrium; HELA: human endometrial lasor ablation; D&C: dilatation and curettage.